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Grammar Flashcards

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Chinese (Mandarin) flashcards
1
Q

Adj+极了

A

ADJ + jíle

Extremely ADJ

ex. 好极了 = Excellent!

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2
Q

A 带 B + V

A

A dài B + V

A takes B (to do something)

ex. “她带她的女儿去看牙医.” (Tā dài tā de nǚ’ér qù kàn yáyī) She’s taking her daughter to the dentist.

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3
Q

一边…一边…

A

yībiān…yībiān…

2 actions that are happening at the same time
“一边喝茶一边聊天”
(yībiān hē chá yībiān liáotiān)
to drink tea and talk at the same time

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4
Q

看起来+Adj

A

kàn qǐlái + Adj

Looks like, seems like…

看起来要下雨了
(kàn qǐlái yào xiàyǔ le)
It looks like it’s about to rain.

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5
Q

A帮B+v+了

A

A bāng B + V

A helped B (to do sth)

她帮妈妈买菜
(tā bāng māma mǎicài)
She helps mom to buy food.

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6
Q

又+V.

A

yòu + v

(to do sth.) once again

她又吃了一个鸡蛋
(tā yòu chīle yī gè jīdàn)
she ate another egg

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7
Q

v + 起来

A

V + qǐlái

used after a verb to indicate the beginning and continuation of an action or a state; to indicate an upward movement

ex.
站起来
(zhànqǐlái)
to stand up

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8
Q

再+v

A

qǐng + v

(to do sth) again; one more time

请再说一遍
(qǐng zài shuō yī biàn) please say it again

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9
Q

v.+着

A

v + zhe

(particle indicating action in progress or a continuous state)

看着
(kànzhe)
looking at …

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10
Q

V.+出

A

v + chū

Add 出 after verbs to indicate an outward direction or a positive result

拿出
(náchū)
“to produce”, “to take out”

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11
Q

S+把+n.+v.+result

A

S+ba+n.+v.+result

Somebody did something and caused a result to the objective.

弟弟把杯子洗干净了
(dìdi bǎ bēizi xǐ gānjìng le)
the younger brother washed the glass

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12
Q

v.+了+ (一段时间)

A

v+le+ (time)

By using it with 了 you can express past tense.
他休息了一个小时
(tā xiūxi le yī gè xiǎoshí)
he rested for an hour

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13
Q

快…了

A

kuài…le

to express that something is “just about to happen”. (You can also add 要 before the verb.)
快要放假了
(kuài yào fàngjià le)
the vacation is about to start

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14
Q

A叫B+v.

A

A jiào B + V

A ask B to do something
老师叫我去办公室
(lǎoshī jiào wǒ qù bàngōngshì)
the teacher asked me go to her office

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15
Q

v.+得+adj.

A

v. + de + adj

Use 得 (de) to describe an action. Adjectives that come after 得 act as adverbs: well, quickly, slowly, etc.
写得快
(xiě de kuài)
write fast

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16
Q

一点儿也不/没+v.

A

yīdiǎn yé bù/méi + V

not … at all, not even a little bit V.
他一点儿汉语也不会说
(tā yīdiǎnr hànyǔ yě bù huì shuō)
he doesn’t speak Chinese at all

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17
Q

v.+了+(part where action is produced)

A

v+le+(part where action is produced)

to express that an action is short and casual, for example:
看了眼，踢了脚
had a look, kicked

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18
Q

往+地方+v.

A

wǎng+(place)+v.

Action happens toward the place
你往红绿灯走
(nǐ wǎng hónglǜdēng zǒu)
walk toward the traffic light

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19
Q

v.来v.去

A

v. lái v. qù

The action repeated many times
他看来看去也看不懂这道题
(tā kànlái-kànqù yě kànbudǒng zhè dào tí)
he checked many times but still doesn’t understand this question

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20
Q

怎么这么+adj.

A

zenme zheme + adj

how could it be so…
天气怎么这么热!
(tiānqì zěnme zhème rè!)
how could the weather be so hot?

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21
Q

快+v.

A

kuài+v

Do something immediately, it’s like an order
快走!
(Kuài zǒu!)
Leave!
快说!
(Kuài shuō!)
Speak!

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22
Q

A像B+一样

A

A xiàng B yíyàng

Use this structure to compare two things, and say that they are the same.
他像姐姐一样喜欢学习语言
(tā xiàng jiějie yīyàng xǐhuan xuéxí yǔyán)
just like his sister, he likes to learn languages

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23
Q

看来…

A

kànlái…

seems like… (situation)
看来这本书是真的有意思.

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24
Q

刷

A

shuā + n

to brush…
in slang, 刷手机 means to scroll on the phone

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25
Q

会

A

huì

-“know how to” and can express an action that you had to learn or be trained in to do.
-不会 = don’t know how to, can’t do (an ability like sing)

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26
Q

能

A

néng

-“to be able to” and expresses having a certain ability or obtaining a certain minimum requirement.
-can also mean “know how to” but hui is more common
-不能 = impossible, can’t be done

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27
Q

可以

A

kěyǐ

-means “may” or “to be allowed to” and expresses having another person’s permission.
-不可以 = permission not granted

28
Q

v. +过来

A

v. + guò lái

V+over (like come over here)

29
Q

在+v.

A

zài + v

To say that the action is being done “at the moment”, add 在 (zài) before a verb
你在做什么?
(Ni zài zuò shénme?)
What are you doing (right now)?

30
Q

v.+在+地方

A

v. + at/on (place/thing)

You can add 在 (zài) after verbs such as “put”, “place”, “sit” and so on to indicate the place towards which the action is done
放在这儿
(fàng zài zhèr)
Put it here.

31
Q

v.+起来

A

v. + qǐlái

起来 is used after a verb to indicate the beginning and continuation of an action or a state; to indicate an upward movement (e.g. after 站); to bring things together (e.g. after 收拾); (after a perception verb, e.g. 看) to express preliminary judgment

32
Q

一…就…

A

yī…jiù…

as soon as…
他一到家就打开了电视
(tā yī dàojiā jiù dǎkāi le diànshì)
as soon as he arrived at home he turned on the TV

33
Q

v.+错了

A

v+ cuò le

mistakenly do something…
我听错了
(wǒ tīngcuò le)
I heard it wrong

34
Q

吓傻

A

xiàshǎ

to terrify/scare someone

35
Q

A跟B说…

A

A tells B (that) …
妈妈跟我说明天我们吃西餐
(māma gēn wǒ shuō míngtiān wǒmen chī xīcān)
Mom told me that we will eat western food tomorrow.

36
Q

可以…吗?

A

Can I …?
可以问你一个问题吗?
(Kěyǐ wèn nǐ yī gè wèntí ma?)
Can I ask you a question?

37
Q

Place+有/放着…

A

There is/are …. in (place)

桌子上有本书
(zhuōzi shàng yǒu běn shū)
桌子上放着本书
(zhuōzi shàng fàngzhe běn shū)
There is a book on the desk

38
Q

再+v.

A

zài+v

again; one more time (used to talk about the future)
请再说一遍
(qǐng zài shuō yī biàn)
please say it one more time.

39
Q

v.一 v.

A

To express that an action is short and casual, you can duplicate the verb:
坐一坐 (zuò yī zuò)
(看一看 kàn yī kàn)
This structure is very similar to v+一下 (yīxià).

40
Q

才+v.

A

cái + v

You can add 才 (cái) before verbs to add an emotion of dissatisfaction or surprise - and to say that something happened “only now”, “just now”
你现在才知道!
Nǐ xiànzài cái zhīdào!
You learned about it just now!

41
Q

地方+有+…

A

There is/are something in/at/on somewhere.
桌子上有本书
(zhuōzi shàng yǒu běn shū)
there is a book on the desk

42
Q

从+地方+v.

A

cóng + (place) + v.
To indicate an action happens from a place
从北京出发
(cóng Běijīng chūfā)
to depart from Beijing

43
Q

v.+得+adj.

A

Use 得 (de) to describe an action. Adjectives that come after 得 act as adverbs: well, quickly, slowly, etc.
写得快
(xiěde kuài)
write fast

44
Q

像……一样

A

Use this structure to compare two things, and say that they are the same.
他像姐姐一样喜欢学习语言
(tā xiàng jiějie yīyàng xǐhuan xuéxí yǔyán)
just like his sister, he likes to learn languages

45
Q

别+v.

A

Bié+v

don’t …
上课别玩儿手机
(shàngkè bié wánr shǒujī)
don’t play with cellphone during class.

理发师让儿子别动。
The hairdresser tells the boy to stop moving.

46
Q

刚+v.

A

Use 刚 (gāng) to express an action that happened “just now” or “very recently”.

我刚想起来
(wǒ gāng xiǎng qǐlái)
I just remembered

47
Q

place+v.+着+n

A

Use 着 after verbs to express a continuous tense or a static action.

门上挂着一条裙子
there is a dress hung on the door

48
Q

v.+了+一会儿

A

一会儿 means “for a while”. By using it with 了 you can express past tense.

他休息了一会儿
(tā xiūxi le yīhuìr)
he rested for a while

49
Q

v.+出来

A

You can add 出来 or 出去 after verbs to express direction of movement. Here the movement is out and towards the speaker (来), so v.+出来 means “to come out”.

50
Q

地方+是+n.

A

Someplace is…
这里是中国
(zhèlǐ shì Zhōngguó)
here is China

51
Q

跟…一样

A

Gēn…yīyàng

Use this structure to compare two things, and say that they are the same.
跟姐姐一样，他也喜欢学习语言
(gēn jiějie yīyàng, tā yě xǐhuan xuéxí yǔyán)
just like his sister, he likes to learn languages, as well

52
Q

v.+来

A

to indicate the tendency of the action is towards the reference.

进来
(jìnlái)
to enter

53
Q

用+n.+v.

A

Use something to do…

人们用这个APP点外卖
(rénmen yòng zhè gè APP diǎn wàimài)
people use this APP to order food
他用球杆打全部的镜子。
He used his golf club to shatter the rest of the mirror.

54
Q

什么都没/不+v.

A

Shénme dōu méi/bù

Not even a little (verb)

你什么都不知道
(nǐ shénme dōu bù zhīdào)
you know nothing

55
Q

n.+被+S+v.+result

A

N + Bèi + S + V + Result

Passive voice structure, an action is carried out by S. to n. and caused a result
房间被妈妈收拾干净了
(fángjiān bèi māma shōushí gānjìng le)
the room is cleaned by mom

56
Q

为+人+v.

A

To do something for someone
为你唱歌
(wèi nǐ chànggē)
to sing for you

57
Q

没想到

A

Méi xiǎngdào

didn’t expect; to one’s surprise
他没想到下午会下雨，所以没带伞
(tā méi xiǎngdào xiàwǔ huì xiàyǔ, suǒyǐ méi dài sǎn)
he didn’t expect that it would rain in the afternoon, thus he did not take an umbrella with him

58
Q

不过

A

Bùguò

ADV: (adjective intensifier)
那就再好不过了
it couldn’t be better/that would be superb!
ADV: (only, merely, no more than)
她上大学的时候不过才17岁
She was only 17 when she went to college

CONJ: But, however, only

59
Q

要是 + Sentence 1 + 的话…

A

yaoshi (sentence) dehua

If (sentence),…
要是去北京的话，一定要看一下天安门广场。
Yàoshi qù Běijīng dehuà, yīdìng yào kàn yīxià tiān’ānmén guǎngchǎng.
If you go to Beijing, definitely have a look at Tiananmen Square.

You can also skip 要是 a lot it seems

60
Q

万一+ sentence 1 + 的话

A

wànyī (sentence) dehuà

“in the unlikely event that”
万一我来晚的话，请不要等我。
Wàn yī wǒ lái wǎn dehuà, qǐng bùyào děng wǒ.
If by any chance I arrive late, please don’t wait for me.

61
Q

假如 + sentence 1+ 的话

A

jiǎrú (sentence) dehuà

假如 is used only to express totally hypothetical situations that currently aren’t true, rather than simple options or alternatives.
假如我有一双翅膀的话，我会在蓝天飞翔。
Jiǎrú wǒ yǒu yīshuāng chìbǎng dehuà, wǒ huì zài lántiān fēixiáng.
If I had wings, I would fly in the blue sky.

62
Q

v. +了+一会儿

A

Do (v) for a little while.

理发师剪了一会儿。

63
Q

adj +多了

A

ADJ + duōle

Much (better), much more (beautiful, difficult etc.)

64
Q

v.+一下

A

(used after a verb) give it a go

看一下
kàn yīxià
have a look

65
Q

v.+了+一+(action)

A

to express that an action is short and casual

看了一眼，踢了一脚
had a look, kicked

66
Q
A

Chinese (3 decks)

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