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French Fundamentals > Grammar > Flashcards

Grammar Flashcards

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1
Q

Indefinite article for masculine nouns

A

Un

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2
Q

Indefinite article for feminine nouns

A

Une

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3
Q

Indefinite article for plural nouns

A

Des

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4
Q

95% of nouns ending in “E” are….

A

Feminine

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5
Q

Definite article for masculine nouns

A

Le

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6
Q

Definite article for feminine nouns

A

La

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7
Q

Definite article for plural nouns…

Bonus points for how to manage a noun beginning with a vowel

A

Les

L’

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8
Q

This, that & those for a masculine noun.

Both answers

A

Ce

Cet is used when the noun begins with a vowel

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9
Q

This, that and those for a feminine noun

A

Cette

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10
Q

This, that and those for a plural noun

A

Ces

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11
Q

Possessive adjectives for “My,” covering Masculine, Feminine and Plural

A

Mon

Ma

Mes

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12
Q

Possessive adjectives for “Your” (informal) covering Masculin, Feminine and Plural

A

Ton

Ta

Tes

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13
Q

Possessive adjectives for “His” and “Hers,” covering Masculin, Feminine and Plural

A

Son

Sa

Ses

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14
Q

Possessive adjectives for “Our,” covering Masculin, Feminine and Plural

A

Notre

Notre

Nos

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15
Q

Possessive adjectives for “Your” formal, covering Masculin, Feminine and Plural

A

Votre

Votre

Vos

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16
Q

Possessive adjectives for “Theirs” covering Masculin, Feminine and Plural

A

Leur

Leur

Leurs

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17
Q

What are the three ways to discuss the weather?

A

Il fait - when the weather is “making” something

Il fait froid

C’est - when the weather is something

C’est naugeux

Il + verb - when the weather is doing something

Il pluet

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18
Q

Conjugation of Regular -er verbs in present or continuous

A

Remove the -er and add

Je: -e
Tu: -es
Il/Elle/On: -e
Nous: -ons
Vous: -ez
Ils/Elles: -ent

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19
Q

Conjugation of Regular -ir verbs in present or continuous

A

Remove the -ir and add

Je: -is
Tu: -is
Il/Elle/On: -it
Nous: -isons
Vous: -issez
Ils/Elles: -issent

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20
Q

Conjugation of Regular -re verbs in present or continuous

A

Remove the -re and add

Je: -a
Tu: -s
Il/Elle/On: —
Nous: -ons
Vous: -ez
Ils/Elles: -ent

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21
Q

What is the rule with non-actions under être?

A

Use an accord, i.e.- leverage an “e” on the end of the word to denote feminine gender of the individual/group

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22
Q

How does le futur proche (the near future) work in French?

A

Use the verb “to go,” followed by the infinitive verb. Literally meaning “going to.”

23
Q

How does Le passé recent (the recent past) work in French? I.e the English equivalent of “I have just.”

A

Utilize the conjugate form of the verb “Venir” (to come), followed by “de”, and then the infinitive verb.

Literally “I have come from”

Je viens de café - I have just had a coffee

24
Q

Reflexive pronouns

A

Je me
Tu te
Il/elle/on se
Nous nous
Vous vous
Ils/Elles se

25
Q

What are the pronouns for first person singular?

A

Weak subject pronoun: Je

Strong subject pronoun: Moi

Direct object pronoun: me / m’

26
Q

What are the pronouns for second person singular?

A

Weak subject pronoun: Tu

Strong subject pronoun: Toi

Direct object pronoun: Te / T’

27
Q

What are the pronouns for third person singular (male or mixed)?

A

Weak subject pronoun: Il

Strong subject pronoun: Lui

Direct object pronoun: Le / L’

28
Q

What are the pronouns for third person singular (female)?

A

Weak subject pronoun: Elle

Strong subject pronoun: Elle

Direct object pronoun: La / L’

29
Q

What are the pronouns for first person plural?

A

Weak subject pronoun: Nous

Strong subject pronoun: Nous

Direct object pronoun: Nous

30
Q

What are the pronouns for second person plural?

A

Weak subject pronoun: Vous

Strong subject pronoun: Vous

Direct object pronoun: Vous

31
Q

What are the pronouns for third person plural (male or mixed)?

A

Weak subject pronoun: Ils

Strong subject pronoun: Eux

Direct object pronoun: Les

32
Q

What are the pronouns for third person plural (female only)?

A

Weak subject pronoun: Elles

Strong subject pronoun: Elles

Direct object pronoun: Les

33
Q

How do you conjugate the futur simple (“will” future tense)?

A

Take the infinitive of the verb (removing the last e if it’s an -re verb) and add the following to the end of the verb:
Je - ai
Tu - as
Il/Elle - a
Nous - ons
Vous - ez
Ils/Elles - ont

Remember: Rey, Ra & Ron

34
Q

How do you construct the passé composé (talking about completed actions)

A

Use either avoir (most common) or être (where movement is involved) an auxiliary verb, followed by the past participle of the verb.

35
Q

How do you construct the past participle for regular verbs?

A

-er verbs, remove the -er and add an é. No change to infinitive punctuation.

-ir verbs, remove the -r.

-re verbs, remove the -re and replace with a u.

36
Q

“At the” for Masculine, feminine and plural nouns

A

Au (m)

À la (f)

Aux (pl)

À l’ (if it starts with a vowel)

37
Q

Conjugate the reflexive through the pronouns

Se couper les cheveux soi-même

A

Je me coupe les cheveux moi-même
Tu te coupe les cheveux toi-même
Il se coupe les cheveux lui-même
Elle se coupe les cheveux elle-même
Nous nous coupons les cheveux nous-même
Vous vous coupez les cehveux vous-même
Ils se coupent les cheveux eux-même
Elles se coupent les cheveux elles-même

38
Q

Pronouns for Me, You, him, her, us, You all & Them all

A

Je me/m’

Tu te/t’

Il / Elle lui

Nous Nous

Vous Vous

Ils / Elles Leur

39
Q

What is the rule with pronominal verbs and passé composé?

A

You use the verb etrê, rather than avoir

40
Q

Past participle of read

A

Lu

41
Q

Past participle of prendre

A

Pris

42
Q

Part participle of connaître

A

Connu

43
Q

How do you create the imperfect past?

A
  1. Take the nous form
  2. Add the following:
    Je & Tu : -ais
    Il, Elle & On : -ait
    Nous: -ions
    Vous: -iez
    Ils & Elles: -aient

Exception to this rule:

Many -ir Verbs have an -iss- added to the word stem in plural forms (Finir becomes Je Finissais)

Verbs ending in -cer are constructed with ç (Lancer –> Lançais)

Verbs ending in -ger retain the e (Manger –> Je mangeais)

44
Q

Conjugate être in the imperfect past

A

J’étais
Tu étais
Il / Elle / On était
Nous étions
Vois étiez
Ils/Elles étaient

45
Q

Conjugate vouloir in the conditional

A

Je voudrais
Tu voudrais
Il / Elle voudrait
Nous voudrions
Vous voudriez
Ils / Elles voudraient

46
Q

Conjugate aimer in the conditional

A

Je aimerais
Tu aimerais
Il / Elle aimerait
Nous aimerions
Vous aimeriez
Ils / Elles aimeraient

47
Q

Conjugate aller in the conditional

A

Je irais
Tu irais
Il / Elle irait
Nous irions
Vous iriez
Ils / Elles iraient

48
Q

Conjugate pouvoir in the conditional

A

Je pourrais
Tu pourrais
Il / Elle pourrait
Nous pourrions
Vous pourriez
Ils / Elles pourraient

49
Q

Conjugate faire in the conditional

A

Je ferais
Tu ferais
Il / Elle ferait
Nous ferions
Vous feriez
Ils / Elles feraient

50
Q

Conjugate être in the conditional

A

Je serais
Tu serais
Il / Elle serait
Nous serions
Vous seriez
Ils / Elles seraient

51
Q

What is the rule with Après in the passé composé

A

Après is always follows by the infinitive of the verb (avoir if a non-action, être if an action).

I.e. Après avoir …

When using être, you must also include the correct pronoun…

Après m’être
Après t’être
Après s’être (for Il, Elle, Ils, Elles AND Nous)
Après vous être

52
Q

Conjugation in the subjunctive for regular -ir and -dre verbs

A
53
Q

Conjugation in the subjunctive for regular -er verbes

A
54
Q

Conjugation in the subjunctive for regular verbes with -ire

A

French Fundamentals (7 decks)

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