Grammar Flashcards
prefix a- means
not
ex. asymmetric
prefix anti- means
against; opposite
ex. antisocial
prefix dys- means
ill; bad; abnormal
dysfunction
prefix hyper- means
a lot
too much
prefix hypo- means
a little; not enough
prefix inter- means
Between; among
ex. international
prefix intra- means
within
ex. intravenous
prefix mid- means
middle
ex. midbrain
prefix pre- means
before
ex. predate
prefix non- means
not
ex. notexistent
prefix sub- means
under; below
ex, subcutaneous
prefix super- means
above; beyond
ex. superscript
prefix supra- means
above
ex. supraorbital
prefix un- means
not
ex. unfair
the suffix -s, -es, ies means
plural
the suffix -ed means
past tesne
the suffix -ing means
progressive/ continuous
the suffix -er means
comparative
the suffix -est means
superlative
the suffix -tion , -ation means
indicating an action, state, or condition
the suffix -ful means
full of
the suffix -ic means
having the characteristics
ex. metallic
the suffix -less means
without
-ness
indicating a state, condition, or quality
-logy, -ology
branch of knowledge or science
-ous
full of
the suffix, -ise, -ize usually changes…
usually changes a noun into a verb
the suffix, -ly usually changes…
usually changes an adjective into an adverb
the suffix, -able, ible usually changes..
a verb into an adjective
the suffix, -like usually changes..
a noun into an adjective
-ist normally
class-maintaining, retained in a noun
-logy, -ology
class-maintaining retained in a noun
derivational vs inflectional
derivational morphemes make fundamental changes to the meaning of the stem whereas inflectional morphemes are used to mark grammatical information.
I BEFORE E
I before e
except after C or sounding like A
generally you drop the final E when adding a suffix to the end of the word
drop the “e” if the suffix begins with a vowel
keep the “e’ if the suffix begins with a consonant
Double the Final Consonant
when adding a suffix to a root or base that ends in a single consonant, double the consonant if a single vowel comes before the final consonant and the consonant ends on an accented syllable or is a one syllable word
ex. permit +ed = Permitted
ex. bat + ed = batted
but
ex. loop +ing = looping
ex. light + ed = lighted
change the final Y to I
when you add a suffix to a word ending in y preceded by a consonant, you change the Y to i UNLESS the suffix begins with i
ex. beauty + ful = beautiful
ex. Fray +ed = frayed ( the word ends with a vowel before the y)
e. try + ing = trying ( the suffix begins with i)
if it ends in _______________ add es to make plural
-ch
-s
-sh
-x
- z
if it ends in -f or -fe the plural will have
-ves
homophones
words that sound the same, such a “new” and “knew” but have different meanings
homographs
words that are spelled the same, such as ( bass = a fish) vs ( bass = a musical instrument)
homophones
at/ eight
bare/bear
course/coarse
hole/whole
its/it’s
seam/seem
to/too/two
common homographs
bat/bat: piece of sporting equipment vs winged bat
bow / bōw
content/ content ( happy vs contained)
digest / digest ( condensed version of txt vs process food)
minute vs mīnute
