Grammar Flashcards
Indefinite article for masculine nouns
Un
Indefinite article for feminine nouns
Une
Indefinite article for plural nouns
Des
95% of nouns ending in “E” are….
Feminine
Definite article for masculine nouns
Le
Definite article for feminine nouns
La
Definite article for plural nouns…
Bonus points for how to manage a noun beginning with a vowel
Les
L’
This, that & those for a masculine noun.
Both answers
Ce
Cet is used when the noun begins with a vowel
This, that and those for a feminine noun
Cette
This, that and those for a plural noun
Ces
Possessive adjectives for “My,” covering Masculine, Feminine and Plural
Mon
Ma
Mes
Possessive adjectives for “Your” (informal) covering Masculin, Feminine and Plural
Ton
Ta
Tes
Possessive adjectives for “His” and “Hers,” covering Masculin, Feminine and Plural
Son
Sa
Ses
Possessive adjectives for “Our,” covering Masculin, Feminine and Plural
Notre
Notre
Nos
Possessive adjectives for “Your” formal, covering Masculin, Feminine and Plural
Votre
Votre
Vos
Possessive adjectives for “Theirs” covering Masculin, Feminine and Plural
Leur
Leur
Leurs
What are the three ways to discuss the weather?
Il fait - when the weather is “making” something
Il fait froid
C’est - when the weather is something
C’est naugeux
Il + verb - when the weather is doing something
Il pluet
Conjugation of Regular -er verbs in present or continuous
Remove the -er and add
Je: -e
Tu: -es
Il/Elle/On: -e
Nous: -ons
Vous: -ez
Ils/Elles: -ent
Conjugation of Regular -ir verbs in present or continuous
Remove the -ir and add
Je: -is
Tu: -is
Il/Elle/On: -it
Nous: -isons
Vous: -issez
Ils/Elles: -issent
Conjugation of Regular -re verbs in present or continuous
Remove the -re and add
Je: -a
Tu: -s
Il/Elle/On: —
Nous: -ons
Vous: -ez
Ils/Elles: -ent
What is the rule with non-actions under être?
Use an accord, i.e.- leverage an “e” on the end of the word to denote feminine gender of the individual/group
How does le futur proche (the near future) work in French?
Use the verb “to go,” followed by the infinitive verb. Literally meaning “going to.”
How does Le passé recent (the recent past) work in French? I.e the English equivalent of “I have just.”
Utilize the conjugate form of the verb “Venir” (to come), followed by “de”, and then the infinitive verb.
Literally “I have come from”
Je viens de café - I have just had a coffee
Reflexive pronouns
Je me
Tu te
Il/elle/on se
Nous nous
Vous vous
Ils/Elles se
What are the pronouns for first person singular?
Weak subject pronoun: Je
Strong subject pronoun: Moi
Direct object pronoun: me / m’
What are the pronouns for second person singular?
Weak subject pronoun: Tu
Strong subject pronoun: Toi
Direct object pronoun: Te / T’
What are the pronouns for third person singular (male)?
Weak subject pronoun: Il
Strong subject pronoun: Lui
Direct object pronoun: Le / L’
What are the pronouns for third person singular (female)?
Weak subject pronoun: Elle
Strong subject pronoun: Elle
Direct object pronoun: La / L’
What are the pronouns for first person plural?
Weak subject pronoun: Nous
Strong subject pronoun: Nous
Direct object pronoun: Nous
What are the pronouns for second person plural?
Weak subject pronoun: Vous
Strong subject pronoun: Vous
Direct object pronoun: Vous
What are the pronouns for third person plural (male or mixed)?
Weak subject pronoun: Ils
Strong subject pronoun: Eux
Direct object pronoun: Les
What are the pronouns for third person plural (female only)?
Weak subject pronoun: Elles
Strong subject pronoun: Elles
Direct object pronoun: Les
How do you conjugate the futur simple (“will” future tense)?
Take the infinitive of the verb (removing the last e if it’s an -re verb) and add the following to the end of the verb:
Je - ai
Tu - as
Il/Elle - a
Nous - ons
Vous - ez
Ils/Elles - ont
Remember: Rey, Ra & Ron
How do you construct the passé composé (talking about completed actions)
Use either avoir (most common) or être (where movement is involved) an auxiliary verb, followed by the past participle of the verb.
How do you construct the past participle for regular verbs?
-er verbs, remove the -er and add an é. No change to infinitive punctuation.
-ir verbs, remove the -r.
-re verbs, remove the -re and replace with a u.
“At the” for Masculine, feminine and plural nouns
Au (m)
À la (f)
Aux (pl)
À l’ (if it starts with a vowel)
How do you create the imperfect past?
- Take the nous form
- Add the following:
Je & Tu : -ais
Il, Elle & On : -ait
Nous: -ions
Vous: -iez
Ils & Elles: -aient
Exception to this rule:
Many -ir Verbs have an -iss- added to the word stem in plural forms (Finir becomes Je Finissais)
Verbs ending in -cer are constructed with ç (Lancer –> Lançais)
Verbs ending in -ger retain the e (Manger –> Je mangeais)
Conjugate être in the imperfect past
J’étais
Tu étais
Il / Elle / On était
Nous étions
Vois étiez
Ils/Elles étaient
Conjugate vouloir in the conditional
Je voudrais
Tu voudrais
Il / Elle voudrait
Nous voudrions
Vous voudriez
Ils / Elles voudraient
Conjugate aimer in the conditional
Je aimerais
Tu aimerais
Il / Elle aimerait
Nous aimerions
Vous aimeriez
Ils / Elles aimeraient
Conjugate aller in the conditional
Je irais
Tu irais
Il / Elle irait
Nous irions
Vous iriez
Ils / Elles iraient
Conjugate pouvoir in the conditional
Je pourrais
Tu pourrais
Il / Elle pourrait
Nous pourrions
Vous pourriez
Ils / Elles pourraient
Conjugate faire in the conditional
Je ferais
Tu ferais
Il / Elle ferait
Nous ferions
Vous feriez
Ils / Elles feraient
Conjugate être in the conditional
Je serais
Tu serais
Il / Elle serait
Nous serions
Vous seriez
Ils / Elles seraient
