Grammar

Question 1

X は Y です。

Answer 1

X is Y.
は marks subject (X)
です (pronounced des) means “is”

Question 2

X は Y ですか。

Answer 2

Is X Y?
か acts as question mark

Question 3

Noun1 の Noun2。

Answer 3

の is particle that connects 2 nouns
Noun2 is subject
Noun1 is modifier
Ex. だいがくのがくせい (college professor)
たけしさんのでんわばんごう (Takeshi’s phone number)

Question 4

これ　それ　あれ　どれ

Answer 4

This one
That one
That one over there
Which one
Ex. それはわたしのぺんです。
That is my pen.

Question 5

この　その　あの　どの　+Noun

Answer 5

This Noun
That Noun
That Noun over there
Which Noun
Ex. そのとけいはさんぜんえんです。
That watch is ¥3000.

Question 6

ここ　そこ　あそこ　どこ

Answer 6

Here
There
Over there
Where
Ex. といれはどこですか。
Where is the toilet?

Question 7

だれの Noun

Answer 7

Whose noun
Ex. これはだれのかばんですか。
Whose bag is this?

Question 8

Noun1 も Noun2

Answer 8

Similar to は but it means ”too”
Ex. たけしさんはがくせいです。
わたしもがくせいです。
Takeshi is a student.
I too am a student.

Question 9

Noun1 は Noun２ じゃないです。

Answer 9

Noun1 is not Noun2.
Ex. わたしはがくせいじゃないです。
I am not a student.

Question 10

~ね　~よ

Answer 10

Right? I tell you/Believe me
End your sentence with these depending on intent

Question 11

Ru, U, and Irregular Verbs

Answer 11

Ru verbs become masu/masen
U verbs become imasu/imasen
Irregular: Suru becomes Shimasu/shimasen
kuru becomes Kimasu/kimasen

Question 12

Particles

Answer 12

は: denotes topic
を: denotes direct object (affected by verb)
で: denotes location of verb
に: when event happens (specific time, date, month; not vague like ‘tonight, weekend, tomorrow), goal of movement (iku, kuru, and kaeru)
へ: goal of movement

Question 13

Frequency Adverbs

Answer 13

Placed after topic (if used) and before everything else usually
Ex. 私はときどき土曜日に図書館に行きます。

Question 14

Word Order

Answer 14

Topic Frequency Time Place Object Verb