Grammar Flashcards

1
Q

い Adjective conjugation

A

おもしろい [です]
It is interesting.
おもしろ (く) [ありません]
It is not interesting.
おもしろ [かったです]
It was interesting.
おもしろ (く) [ありませんでした]
It was not interesting.

*い is replaced with く for negative polarity.

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2
Q

いい conjugation

A

いいです
It is good
よくありません
It is not good.
よかったでつ
It was good.
よくありませんでした
It was not good.

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3
Q

な adjectives conjugation

A

元気です
She is healthy.
元気じゃありません
She is not healthy.
元気でした
She was healthy.
元気じゃありませんでした
She was not healthy.

*な is dropped in long forms of adjectives.

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4
Q

Alternative い conjugation

A

〜いです
Affirmative present
〜くないです
Negative present
〜かったです
Past affirmative
〜くなかったです
Negative affirmative

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5
Q

Alternative な conjugation

A

〜です
Present affirmative
〜じゃないです
Present negative
〜でした
Past affirmative
〜じゃなかったです
Past negative

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6
Q

すき and きらい

A

Both are relational terms, so they are commonly used like:
XはYが[すき][きらい]です

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7
Q

すき

A

すき is used commonly as a romantic indicator.

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8
Q

すき きらい

A

The intensified versions of すきときらい
すき:だい好き[大好き]
きらい:だいきらい[大嫌い]
These are used more often than とても

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9
Q

To say you neither like nor dislike something.

A

すきでもきらいでもありません
好きでも嫌いでもありません

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10
Q

すき
きらい

A

They can be used as modifiers for nouns, like to say something is your favorite.
このは私わ好きなテレビです
This is my favorite television program
これは私は好き猫です
He’s my favorite cat.

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11
Q

Degree expressions

A

Use degree adverbs before adjectives.
沖縄の海はとてもきれいです
The sea in Okinawa is beautiful.
この部屋はちょうと暑いです
This room is a little hot.
このぼうしはちょうとちさいです
This hat is a little small.
その部屋はレストランの中はちょうと大きいです
That room in the restaurant is a little big.
あの犬わはとても可愛いです、でもちょうとこわいでわあります
That dog is very cute, but also a little scary.

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12
Q

Verb conjugation: to suggest a plan

A

Take the long form of a verb and replace the ending with ましょう、or ましょうか
一緒に図書館で勉強しましょう
Let’s study in the library together.
喫茶店にコーヒを飲みましょうか
Shall we drink coffee at the cafe?
日曜日に買い物をましょう
Let’s go shopping on Saturday.
一緒にあのうちにいきましょう
Let’s go to that house together.
京都で怖い映画をみきしょうか
Shall we go see that scary movie in Kyoto?

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13
Q

Counting

A

Counter words go after the thing being counted. 切手[三い]をかいました
I bought 3 stamps.
まい is used for flat objects like paper, stamps, money, etc.

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14
Q

Use of いそかしい and にぎや

A

いそかしい is used for people.
私はいそかしいです
I’m busy.
にぎやき is used for things/places
東京はにぎやきです
Tokyo is busy.

日曜日にいそかしいです
I’m not busy on Saturday.
沖縄は月曜日にとてもにぎやきです
Okinawa is very busy on Mondays.

私は金曜日にひまじゃありません、京都であのこわいえいがをみましょうか?
I’m not busy on Friday, shall we go see that scary movie in Kyoto?

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15
Q

How was it?

A

どうでしったか

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16
Q

To ask どんな

A

どんな人
どんな食べ物
(What kind of) (noun)

17
Q

To ask if someone likes something

A

XはYが好きですか

18
Q

To say “yes, let’s”

A

In response to 〜ましょうか
そうしましょう