Grammar Flashcards
What are the eight word classes?
Noun, Adjective, Verb, Adverb, Pronoun, Conjunction, Preposition and Determiner
What is a Determiner?
Gives specific information about a noun ( quality or possession).
for example: the, his, her, those
What is a Preposition?
Define relationships in terms of time, space, direction (eg. before. beneath, behind)
What is a conjunction?
Connecting words (and, because, or, but)
What is the different types of nouns and what are they?
Proper noun- name of specific places, people and brands
Collective noun- groups of people, animal or things
Abstract noun- Things like concepts
Concrete noun- things that you can physically touch
What are the other two different type of nouns?
Countable nouns (enumerators)- nouns that can be counted such as bricks or bedrooms
Uncountable nouns- nouns that can not be counted, they don’t have a plural (water, rice, milk)
What is a noun phrase made up of?
It is made up of a determiner and/or pre-modifier, head (main noun ) and/or post modifier.
For example- The beautiful animal died
What is a pre- modifier and post-modifier?
It is extra information about the noun given, Pre-modifier being before the noun and Post-modifier being after the noun.
What is the definite article?
The- Indicates to something specific
What is the indefinite article?
A- indicates something more general
What is Numerical?
Such as one, two and first, second
What are quantifiers?
Shows quantity (few, many, enough)
What are demonstrative adjectives?
Refer to specific objects or people- this, that, these, those
What is attributive and predicative? (adjectives)
Attributive: pre-modifying- sudden noise or the black dog
Predicative: post-modifying- grammar is brilliant or the food is amazing
What is a comparative?
Formed by adding an -er inflection. For example long becomes longer. However in some cases it could be ‘more’ rather than adding an -er
What is a superlative?
Formed by adding an -est. For example longer becomes longest.
What is infinitive verbs?
change it for the person or the tense (to jump)
What is main verbs?
Single verb expressing main meaning
What is an auxiliary verb?
Helping verbs, placed in front of main verb
What is a primary auxiliary verb?
To be, to have and to do
What are model verbs?
Only ever used with a main verb (must, would, could, should, will, ought to, shall. can, may, might, have to)
What are dynamic verbs?
These are verbs to refer to physical actions ( punch, jump, ski, walk, run)
What are stative verbs?
These are verbs that refer to mental actions or states ( think, lie, love, need, know)
What are active verbs?
Verbs used actively, the person or thing performing the action is emphasized as the subject of the verb
The minister has issued an apology
What is adverbs of manner?
How something is done e.g. He talks incessantly
What is adverbs of place?
Where something is happening e.g. The book is here.
What is adverbs of time?
When something is happening e.g The exam is tomorrow.
Adverbs of duration
How long something happens for e.g. The bridge is temporarily out of bounds.
Adverbs of frequency
How often something takes place e.g. Mandy visits sometimes.
Adverb of degree
The extent to which something is done e.g. We completely understand.
What are declaratives?
It is a statement that gives information factual or opinion
What are imperatives?
Give orders,instructions, advice or direction
What are interrogatives?
When a question is asked
What are Exclamative’s?
Expressive function convey force and end in an exclamation mark
What are Minor/ fragment sentences
Complete and meaningful statements that don’t have a subject and verb combination. Lots of everyday sayings are minor sentences e.g. Be quiet. Goodbye. Sounds good.
Simple sentences
A simple sentence must have a subject and a verb. It should express a complete thought e.g. the snow falls. The snow is the subject, falls in the verb. It makes sense on its own
What is a compound sentence?
It is two simple ( main clause) sentences joined together by a coordinating conjunction. Can’t use a “, “to link it as that’s comma splicing
What is a complex sentence?
It’s made up of a main clause and a subordinating clause. It is a sentence that makes sense on its own and one that doesn’t. However, fronted adverbial is a complex sentence ( quietly, he crept down the stairs). Have to have commas to join
What are coordinating conjunctions?
Include words- and, but & or. Used when parts of sentence to be joined are equal value (compound sentences)
What are subordinating conjunctions?
It connect a subordinate clause and main clause. Include words- because, although, until & unless
What are Personal Pronouns?
Replaces a subject or object (I, He, Her- subject. Me, Him, Her- object)
What are Possessive Prounouns?
Shows possession words such as her, your and their are determiners rather than pronouns because they precede nouns rather than take their place
What are Interrogative Pronouns?
Used when asking a question (who, whose, which and what)
What are Reflective Pronouns?
Indicate object of a verb as the same as a subject (end in -self or -selves)
What are Demonstrative Pronouns?
They have a sense of pointing at something or someone (that, these, this. If placed before a noun it becomes determiner eg I can see this)
What are Relative Pronouns?
Relative pronouns- linking words in a sentence is always placed immediately after the noun they refer to ( whom, who and whose- people)
What are Indefinite Pronouns?
Do not refer to specific person or things (someone, anything, anyone, everything)
