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English language A-levels > Grammar > Flashcards

Grammar Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

What are the eight word classes?

A

Noun, Adjective, Verb, Adverb, Pronoun, Conjunction, Preposition and Determiner

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2
Q

What is a Determiner?

A

Gives specific information about a noun ( quality or possession).

for example: the, his, her, those

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3
Q

What is a Preposition?

A

Define relationships in terms of time, space, direction (eg. before. beneath, behind)

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4
Q

What is a conjunction?

A

Connecting words (and, because, or, but)

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5
Q

What is the different types of nouns and what are they?

A

Proper noun- name of specific places, people and brands
Collective noun- groups of people, animal or things
Abstract noun- Things like concepts
Concrete noun- things that you can physically touch

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6
Q

What are the other two different type of nouns?

A

Countable nouns (enumerators)- nouns that can be counted such as bricks or bedrooms

Uncountable nouns- nouns that can not be counted, they don’t have a plural (water, rice, milk)

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7
Q

What is a noun phrase made up of?

A

It is made up of a determiner and/or pre-modifier, head (main noun ) and/or post modifier.

For example- The beautiful animal died

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8
Q

What is a pre- modifier and post-modifier?

A

It is extra information about the noun given, Pre-modifier being before the noun and Post-modifier being after the noun.

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9
Q

What is the definite article?

A

The- Indicates to something specific

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10
Q

What is the indefinite article?

A

A- indicates something more general

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11
Q

What is Numerical?

A

Such as one, two and first, second

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12
Q

What are quantifiers?

A

Shows quantity (few, many, enough)

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13
Q

What are demonstrative adjectives?

A

Refer to specific objects or people- this, that, these, those

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14
Q

What is attributive and predicative? (adjectives)

A

Attributive: pre-modifying- sudden noise or the black dog

Predicative: post-modifying- grammar is brilliant or the food is amazing

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15
Q

What is a comparative?

A

Formed by adding an -er inflection. For example long becomes longer. However in some cases it could be ‘more’ rather than adding an -er

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15
Q

What is a superlative?

A

Formed by adding an -est. For example longer becomes longest.

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16
Q

What is infinitive verbs?

A

change it for the person or the tense (to jump)

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17
Q

What is main verbs?

A

Single verb expressing main meaning

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18
Q

What is an auxiliary verb?

A

Helping verbs, placed in front of main verb

19
Q

What is a primary auxiliary verb?

A

To be, to have and to do

20
Q

What are model verbs?

A

Only ever used with a main verb (must, would, could, should, will, ought to, shall. can, may, might, have to)

21
Q

What are dynamic verbs?

A

These are verbs to refer to physical actions ( punch, jump, ski, walk, run)

22
Q

What are stative verbs?

A

These are verbs that refer to mental actions or states ( think, lie, love, need, know)

23
Q

What are active verbs?

A

Verbs used actively, the person or thing performing the action is emphasized as the subject of the verb

The minister has issued an apology

24
Q

What is adverbs of manner?

A

How something is done e.g. He talks incessantly

25
Q

What is adverbs of place?

A

Where something is happening e.g. The book is here.

26
Q

What is adverbs of time?

A

When something is happening e.g The exam is tomorrow.

27
Q

Adverbs of duration

A

How long something happens for e.g. The bridge is temporarily out of bounds.

28
Q

Adverbs of frequency

A

How often something takes place e.g. Mandy visits sometimes.

29
Q

Adverb of degree

A

The extent to which something is done e.g. We completely understand.

30
Q

What are declaratives?

A

It is a statement that gives information factual or opinion

31
Q

What are imperatives?

A

Give orders,instructions, advice or direction

32
Q

What are interrogatives?

A

When a question is asked

33
Q

What are Exclamative’s?

A

Expressive function convey force and end in an exclamation mark

34
Q

What are Minor/ fragment sentences

A

Complete and meaningful statements that don’t have a subject and verb combination. Lots of everyday sayings are minor sentences e.g. Be quiet. Goodbye. Sounds good.

35
Q

Simple sentences

A

A simple sentence must have a subject and a verb. It should express a complete thought e.g. the snow falls. The snow is the subject, falls in the verb. It makes sense on its own

36
Q

What is a compound sentence?

A

It is two simple ( main clause) sentences joined together by a coordinating conjunction. Can’t use a “, “to link it as that’s comma splicing

37
Q

What is a complex sentence?

A

It’s made up of a main clause and a subordinating clause. It is a sentence that makes sense on its own and one that doesn’t. However, fronted adverbial is a complex sentence ( quietly, he crept down the stairs). Have to have commas to join

38
Q

What are coordinating conjunctions?

A

Include words- and, but & or. Used when parts of sentence to be joined are equal value (compound sentences)

39
Q

What are subordinating conjunctions?

A

It connect a subordinate clause and main clause. Include words- because, although, until & unless

40
Q

What are Personal Pronouns?

A

Replaces a subject or object (I, He, Her- subject. Me, Him, Her- object)

41
Q

What are Possessive Prounouns?

A

Shows possession words such as her, your and their are determiners rather than pronouns because they precede nouns rather than take their place

42
Q

What are Interrogative Pronouns?

A

Used when asking a question (who, whose, which and what)

43
Q

What are Reflective Pronouns?

A

Indicate object of a verb as the same as a subject (end in -self or -selves)

44
Q

What are Demonstrative Pronouns?

A

They have a sense of pointing at something or someone (that, these, this. If placed before a noun it becomes determiner eg I can see this)

45
Q

What are Relative Pronouns?

A

Relative pronouns- linking words in a sentence is always placed immediately after the noun they refer to ( whom, who and whose- people)

46
Q

What are Indefinite Pronouns?

A

Do not refer to specific person or things (someone, anything, anyone, everything)

English language A-levels (3 decks)

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