Grammar Flashcards
What are the true modals ?
And what are the special things with them? (5x)
Can
Could
May
Might
Must
Should
Will
Would
Are auxiliary verbs
Are not conjugated/are invariable
Are followed by the base form
Ex: they could study =ok
They could studied= wrong
Do not take additional auxiliary verbs
Are not followed by TO
What are the semi-modals?
What are the special things to know?
Be going to
Have/has/had to
Ought to
Used to
Would ratter
Consiat of two or more words, one usually being TO
Often have the same meaning as true modals
Are sometimes conjugated ( be going to and have/has to)
Are followed by the base form of another verb
(Last night we had to EAT)
What are the 4 different futur ways?
Present simple
Present continuous
Be going to + verb
Will + verb
Explain the present simple for future
Defenite schedule or timetable
Contain futur words (tonight, next week…)
Only use with few verbs: be, open close, begin, start, end, finish, arrive, come, leave, return)
Events that are not determined by you / not personnal plans
Ex: the train leaves Detroit at 9 PM tomorrow
Explain present continuous for future
Defenite plan or intention that were made before the moment of speaking
*Contain future time indicators
Like tomorrow, evening, next week
Not used for prediction about the future
Ann is flying to fly To Miami tomorrow
Explain how to use be going to +verb with future
Prior Plan or intention (made before the moment of speaking)
Prediction based on present events or not (though before)
Ex: the sky is gray. It’s going to rain
Contraction : gonna
Explain how to use will + be
When the speaker make a promise or a vow
Make a prediction not base on present evidence
When the speaker decides to do somerhing spontaneous / unplanned actions (express a decision the speaker makes at the moment of speaking)
Contraction :
I, you, he/she/it, we, you, they=
I’ll
you’ll
Etc
What is the comparative form of adjectives?
Comparaison between 2 things/people
The adj + than
Or the more +the adj
Ex: pretty= prettier than
Older than
Important = more important than
Good= better
Bad= worse
What is the superlative form of adjectives?
Compare one person or one part of the hole group to all the rest of the group (3 people and more)
THE+ adj with est at the end
Or the most + adj
Ex: old = the oldest
Famous = the most famous
Good= the best
Bad= the worst
What’s the Only difference between farther and further?
The two are used to compare physical distance
Further also means additional (more)
Farther cannot be used when the meaning is additional
What are the words that can modify comparative adj and adv?
Much
A lot
Far
A little (bit)
Tom is much/a lot/far older than I am.
What word cannot be used to modify comparative adj and adv ?
Very
Ex: tom is very older than I am = incorrect
How do we used as…as
When we want to say that the two parts of a comparison are equal or the same in some way.
We can use the negative form:
Alex is not as old as Annie
Often use with quite or nearly
(not quite as …as = small difference)
(Not nearly as…as = big difference⁶
When its nearly or almost the same
Alex is nearly/almost as old as Annie
We can use just (meaning exactly)
Alex is just as old as Annie
**when we want to say the opposite of er/more we used less or not as…as
A pen is less expensive than a book
A pen is not as expensive as a book
***when the adj or the adv have only one syllable we used not as…as only
How do we used the same, similar, different, like and alike
Same, similar and different are uses as adj.
**always THE before SAME
The same books.
**the same is followed by as
The same as that book
Similar is followed by to
Similar to that book
Different is followed by from
Different from that book
Alike may follow a few verbs other than be
-look, think, act, talk, dresed
At what refer Who, whom, it, which, that?
Are adective clause
Who and whom refer to people
Which and it refer to things
That refer to people, animal or things
Whose : possession (dont en fr)
