Grammar Flashcards
Proper nouns
Name particular persons, places, etc., and are capitalized
Noun
It names a person, place, thing, or idea
Pronoun
It takes the place of a noun
Antecedent
Is the noun that a pronoun stands for
Verb
It expresses action (action verb) or links the subject to another word in the sentence (linking verb).
Adjective
It modifies a noun or a pronoun
Adverb
It modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb
Adverbs tell:
How, to what extent, when, or where
Preposition
It relates a noun or pronoun (its object) to some other part of the sentence. (anything a plane can do to a cloud)
What makes up a prepositional phrase?
The preposition, it’s object, and any modifiers
Conjunction
It connects words or word groups
Coordinating conjunctions
Join words, phrases, and clauses. they are used after a comma when joining two independent clauses. [And, but, or, nor, for, yet, so]
Interjection
It shows sudden, usually strong, feeling
Subordinating Conjunctions
Are words that make a clause subordinate (dependent).
[because, since, while, so that, as though, just as, when]
Adverbial conjunctions
Work a lot like coordinating conjunctions but generally are more formal. [however, moreover, therefore, nevertheless, notwithstanding]
Subject
Who or what the sentence is about
Ex: (Jim) is nice.
Predicate
Tells what the subject does (verb)
Ex: Jim (ran) track.
Linking verbs
Links a subject of the sentence to a word in the predicate. Linking verbs don't show actions. Ex: Jim (was) class president.
Predicate nominatives
Word in the predicate that renames the subject
Ex: Miss Levin is a (teacher).
Predicate adjectives
Word in the predicate that describes the subject
Ex: Miss Levin is (sad).
Action verbs
Verbs that show an action. May take direct and indirect objects. Not every action verb has a direct or indirect object.
Ex: Miss Levin (drove) to school. (No object)
Ex: Miss Levin (wrote) a letter. (Letter is the direct object)
Direct object
Receives the action of a verb
Ex: Jim hit (Charlie).
Indirect object
To whom or for whom the action is intended. Indirect objects NEVER have “to” or “for” in front of them because then they would be of the preposition. They always appear in front of the direct object.
Ex: Meteorologists give (hurricanes names). (Names=DO/hurricanes=IO)
Run-on sentence
Is two or more sentences written incorrectly as one. Corrected by using a period, a semicolon, or a conjunction.
Ex of run-on sentences:
- when two sentences are strung together without punctuation.
- when a comma is used instead of a period.
Sentence fragment
Is a group if words that are only a part, or a fragment, of a sentence. Doesn’t express a complete thought.
