Grammar Flashcards
To conjugate regular -ar verbs
Hablar (to speak)
Yo -o
Tú -as
Él/ella/usted -a
Nosotros/nosotras -Amos
Vosotros/vosotras -áis
Ellos/Ellas/ustedes -an
To conjugate regular -er verbs
Comer (to eat)
Yo -o
Tú -es
Él/ella/usted -e
Nosotros/nosotras -emos
Vosotros/vosotras -éis
Ellos/Ellas/ustedes -en
To conjugate regular -ir verbs
Vivir- to live
Yo -o
Tú -es
Él/ella/usted -e
Nosotros/nosotras -imos
Vosotros/vosotras -ís
Ellos/Ellas/ustedes -en
Make a plural noun (ending in a vowel)
Add s
Make a plural noun (ending in a consonant)
Add -es
If a noun ends in ión
Add es and drop the accent
El avión — los aviones
If a noun ends in z
Change the z to c
Use of ser
Date/description
Occupation
Characteristic
Time
Origin
Relationship
Also to show possession or to identify someone or something
Use of estar
Position
Location
Action
Condition (also health)
Emotion
Forms of the definite article
El
La the
Los (male and mixed)
Las the (plural)
Stem changing verbs E:I
The letter e in the stem changes to i in all but the nosotros/vosotros forms. This type of stem changing is only in -ir verbs.
Gendered Parts of Speech
pronouns, adjectives, articles, nouns
feminine noun endings
-a, -dad, -tad, -z, -ión, -ción, -umbre, -ie
masculine endings
“loners”
-l, -o, -n, -e, -r, -s
gendered parts of speech
nouns, verbs, pronouns, adjectives, articles
Definite article
The definite articles is used when speaking in specific and general terms (I like the cat; I like cats= Me gusta el gato/ me gustan los gatos)
article agreement
the article matches the noun in gender and number
forms of the indefinite article
un, unos
una, unas
possessives
only one way to express: noun possessed + de + definite/indefinite article + the noun possessor (if the possessor is a proper noun, there’s no article)
la bolsa de la señora
the infinitive form is always used for a verb…
that follows any verb other than ser, estar, or haber
subject
The person or thing that performs the action of the verb (the who or what, singular or plural)
The antecedent of the pronoun
The word that is replaced by or referred to by the pronoun
subject pronoun
A pronoun used as a subject of the verb; “He worked while she read.” He is subject of the verb “worked,” she is subject of the verb “read.”
1st person pronoun
I, we; yo, nosotros/nosotras