Grammar Flashcards
Noun
Person, place or thing.
Ex: John, Africa, justice.
Pronoun
Used in place of a noun.
Ex: He, she, they, it, you, them
Verb
Action or state of being.
Ex: Run, jump, write, preach;
Is, are, was, were, am
Adjective
Describes a noun or pronoun.
Ex: The RED ball, a DULL lecture, a GREAT preacher.
Adverb
Describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. It tells how, when, why, where, or to what extent, and usually ends in LY.
Ex: He ran QUICKLY (how he ran)
INITIALLY he was afraid (when he was afraid)
A TERRIBLY dull lecture (to what extent it was dull)
Preposition
Shows relationship between the words before and after it
Ex: The king OF France.
Billy collapsed INTO the chair.
Participle
Verb-like words that end in ING, ED, or EN. They act either as adjectives (describing a noun) or adverbs (describing a verb).
Ex: He sat down by the RUNNING stream.
John slipped, DROPPING his books on the pavement.
*Important note: when joined with a state of being verb, participles become part of the verb:
Ex: I AM ASKING you to sit down. (asking becomes part of the verb)
Billy WAS GOING to school.
Gerund
Participles that act like nouns. They make actions into nouns.
Ex: I love SINGING.
RUNNING is my favorite exercise.
Infinitive
An infinitive is a verb with TO in front of it: to sing, to run, to believe.
Infinitives are very flexible. They can function as a noun, an adjective, an adverb, or a verb in purpose clauses.
Ex: TO LIVE is Christ, TO DIE is gain.
Jesus came into the world TO SAVE sinners.
Verbs
Billy HIT the ball (active)
Billy WAS HIT by the ball (passive)
Billy is TALL (state of being)
Subject
The part of the sentence about which something is said.
BILLY ran home.
Direct Object
Receives the action.
Billy hit the BALL.
I believe THAT JESUS IS GOD. (A group of words receives the action of believing. They act as one noun.)
Predicate nominative and predicate adjective
State of being verbs don’t have direct objects, they have pred. noms and pred. adj. They are the part of the sentence that equals the subject.
Ex: Billy is my FRIEND. (Billy=friend; pred. nom.)
Billy is TALL. (Billy=tall; pred. adj.)
Apposition
Two names for the same person or thing side by side.
Ex: To ME, the VERY LEAST OF ALL SAINTS, this grace was given.
Direct address
A person or group of people are spoken to by name. It has no direct grammatical relationship to the rest of the sentence.
Ex: Consider it all joy, MY BRETHREN, when you encounter various trials…
