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korean grammar > grammar > Flashcards

grammar Flashcards

1
Q

아니다

A

to not be

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2
Q

이다

A

to be

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3
Q

~이/가 아니다

A

to not be (added to a verb or adjective stem)

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4
Q

없다

A

to not have/be

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5
Q

있다

A

to have/to be

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6
Q

싫어하다

A

to not like

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7
Q

좋아하다

A

to like

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8
Q

우리

A

we/us/our

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9
Q

저의

A

our/we/us formal (or ‘my’)

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10
Q

처음

A

the first time/ beginning/ first

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11
Q

마지막

A

last

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12
Q

개 (particle)

A

counter for things

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13
Q

번 (counter)

A

counter for actions

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14
Q

대 (counter)

A

counter for cars

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15
Q

분 (counter)

A

minute

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16
Q

살 (counter)

A

age counter

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17
Q

초 (counter)

A

seconds

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18
Q

시 (counter)

A

hour

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19
Q

명 (counter)

A

counter for people

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20
Q

많더

A

to be a lot of (many)

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21
Q

되다

A

to become

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22
Q

일 (#)

A

1 (one) sino

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23
Q

이 (#)

A

2 (two) sino

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24
Q

삼

A

3 (three) sino

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25
Q

사 (#)

A

4 (four) sino

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26
Q

오

A

5 (five) sino

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27
Q

육

A

6 (six) sino

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28
Q

칠 (sino)

A

7 (seven) sino

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29
Q

팔

A

8 (eight) sino

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30
Q

구

A

9 (nine) sino

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31
Q

십

A

10 (ten) sino

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32
Q

백 (#)

A

100 (one hundred) sino

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33
Q

천

A

1,000 (thousand) sino

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34
Q

만

A

10,000 (ten thousand) sino

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35
Q

sino korean numbers are used for:

A

counting/money/measurment/math/phone #’s/talking about time EXCEPT for the hour, names of each month

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36
Q

하나

A

1 (pure korean)

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37
Q

둘

A

2 (pure korean)

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38
Q

셋

A

3 (pure korean)

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39
Q

넷

A

4 (pure korean)

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40
Q

다섯

A

5 (pure korean)

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41
Q

여섯

A

6 (pure korean)

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42
Q

일곱

A

7 (pure korean)

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43
Q

여덟

A

8 (pure korean)

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44
Q

아홉

A

9 (pure korean)

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45
Q

열

A

10 (pure korean)

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46
Q

스물

A

20 (pure korean)

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47
Q

서른

A

30 (pure korean)

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48
Q

마흔

A

40 (pure korean)

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49
Q

쉰

A

50 (pure korean)

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50
Q

pure korean numbers are used for:

A

counting things, people, actions, the hour, age, not used much after 59

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51
Q

영

A

0 zero (the number)

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52
Q

공

A

zero, nothing, used for phone #s

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53
Q

몃 살이에요?

A

how old are you?

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54
Q

번째 (particle)

A

add after number to make (first, second, third, etc)

use pure korean numbers

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55
Q

첫 번째

A

first

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56
Q

동안 (adverb)

A

word/particle to indicate how long an action occurs, basically ‘for’ this amount of time

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57
Q

시간

A

time, and put after a number when counting the amount of hours, like ‘i did this for 3 hours’

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58
Q

지난

A

last (as in previous)

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59
Q

다음 (adverb)

A

next

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60
Q

일 (counter)

A

counter for days (use sino korean #s)

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61
Q

하루

A

one day

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62
Q

날

A

the word for day (not a counter)

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63
Q

달 (counter)

A

month counter (pure korean numbers)

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64
Q

개월 (counter)

A

month counter (sino korean numbers)

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65
Q

년 (counter)

A

year counter

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66
Q

작년

A

last year

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67
Q

내년

A

next year

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68
Q

이번

A

‘this’ week/month (must put the word for week or month after to indicate which one)

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69
Q

~에

A

time/place particle but ALSO can mean ‘per’

70
Q

몇 (particle)

A

some, particle for things, like ‘i bought some apples’

71
Q

들 (particle)

A

make something plural (only for people)

72
Q

~만 (particle)

A

only

73
Q

에 서

A

to denote a location where an action is being done (wouldnt use for ‘i’m at the restaurant’ but would use for ‘i’m eating at the restaurant’

74
Q

여기서

A

from here

75
Q

거기서

A

from there

76
Q

(으)로

A

with/by/on indicates with what method something is being done (write with a pen, go by car, walk on foot, make out of wood)

77
Q

(그/의…) 쯕

A

direction particle, you can make ‘that direction, upper direction, direction of people, etc. with this’ and combine with (으)로 often times

78
Q

~과/와 (particle)

A

and/with (written)

also as a comparing particle (similar ~to~, different ~from~)

79
Q

~랑/이랑 (particle)

A

and/with (spoken)

also as a comparing particle (similar ~to~, different ~from~)

80
Q

~하고 (particle)

A

and/with

also as a comparing particle (similar ~to~, different ~from~)

81
Q

겉이

A

together (most common)

82
Q

함께

A

together

83
Q

~한테 (particle)

A

to (most common)

84
Q

~에게 (particle)

A

to

85
Q

~께 (particle)

A

to (formal)

86
Q

~에게서

A

to receive something (from someone)

87
Q

~한테서

A

to receive something (from someone)

88
Q

~도 (particle)

A

too/as well

89
Q

많다 / 많이

A

to have a lot of (as an adjective)

many, alot (of) (as a noun)

90
Q

ㅅ irregular

A

‘ㅅ’ is removed if a vowel comes after it

91
Q

ㄷ irregular

A

(only with verbs) ‘ㄷ’ gets changed to ‘ㄹ’ when a vowel comes next

92
Q

ㅂ irregular

A

(mostly for adjectives) ‘ㅂ’ is changed to ~우 when a vowel comes next

93
Q

ㅡ irregular

A

‘ㅡ’ is replaced with ~아/어 depending on what the previous vowel is, only if a vowel comes next

94
Q

르 irregular

A

only if a ~아/어 comes after the ‘르’ stem would it change to ~아/어

95
Q

ㄹ irregular

A

only applies if the conjugation after has ‘은/는/ㅂ/습/ㄹ/을’, the ㄹ would be replaced by the corresponding letters: ‘ㄴ/ㅂ/ㄹ’

96
Q

나다 (verb)

A

for something to come up/arise/occur

97
Q

내다 (verb)

A

to make something come up/arise/occur

98
Q

~적 (particle)

A

added to a noun that makes the noun into something that something has the properties of, such as:
culture->cultural
democracy-> democratic etc.

99
Q

~적으로 (particle)

A

added to a noun to give it the properties of the noun, and changes it into an adverb:
cultural—> culturally
impulsive–> impulsively

100
Q

~적이다 (particle)

A

if you’re using a noun to describe a noun using ~적, then add this at the end (and conjugate) to make it grammatically correct:
if you were to say: ‘the cultural history’ you would need to add this to the end of ‘cultural’

101
Q

~스럽다

A

added to nouns to make them adjectives, or give them the properties of that noun,
love—> lovely
nature—-> natural

102
Q

~고 있다

A

I am __ing

103
Q

살고 있다

A

I live in….

104
Q

알고 있다

A

I know (lit. i am knowing)

105
Q

알았어

A

Okay (lit. verb for knowing but can be used this way also)

106
Q

더

A

‘more’, can be used to compare things:
this ramen is spicier
he is more handsome
the place is further, etc.

107
Q

~보다 (particle)

A

for comparing subjects in sentences

the subject it’s attached to is the one you’re comparing it to

108
Q

덜

A

less

109
Q

가장/제일

A

superlative meaning something is the most
the prettiest
the hottest

110
Q

잘하다

A

To do something well, ‘im good at’

111
Q

잘

A

well

112
Q

잘 (adverb)

A

well

113
Q

못하다

A

To do something poorly, be bad at…

114
Q

못하다

A

To do something poorly, be bad at…

115
Q

못 (adverb)

A

poorly

116
Q

~에 대한

A

‘about’ something

117
Q

하다–>되다

A

to make a verb passive (to give—>to be given)

118
Q

하다–>받다

A

to make a verb passive (to give—>to be given)

119
Q

~아/어지다

A

to make a verb passive (to give—>to be given)

120
Q

~고 (particle)

A

attach to connect two clauses together, meaning ‘and/then’

121
Q

~어/어서 (particle)

A

attach to connect two clauses together, meaning ‘and/then’

122
Q

~고 싶다

A

attach to verb stem to mean ‘i want to ___’

123
Q

~에게 (particle)

A

to -‘i taught korean to the students’

124
Q

~한테 (particle)

A

to- i taught korean to the students’

125
Q

~께 (particle)

A

to - i taught korean to the students’

126
Q

~에게서 (particle)

A

‘from’ to receive something from someone

저는 그것을 친구한테서 들었어요 = I heard that from my friend

127
Q

~한테서 (particle)

A

‘from’ to receive something from someone

128
Q

~(으)로부터

A

‘from’
-to receive something from a non-person
나는 나의 여자친구로부터 편지를 받았어 = i received a letter from my girlfriend
나는 돈을 정부로부터 받았어 = I received money from the government
-or attached to the person you received something from

129
Q

~을/를 위해(서)

A

‘for’ to do something for somebody=
나는 나의 여자 친구를 위해(서) 꽃을 샀어=
i bought flowers for my girlfriend

130
Q

~에 대해

A

‘about’ about something

나는 너에 대해 생각했어 = I thought about you

131
Q

전 (time marker)

A

before/ago

2 초 전에 = 2 seconds ago

132
Q

후 (time marker)

A

after/ later /from now

5 분 후에 = 5 minutes later/from now

133
Q

~ㄴ/은 이래로 (particle)

A

since
(not a common word, most just say ‘after’)
한국에 온 이래로 한국어를 배우고 있어요 =
Since coming to Korea, I have been learning Korean

134
Q

안/
이내
(time marker)

A

within (the timespan of…)
나는 5년 이내에 외국어 다섯 개를 배우고 싶어 =
I want to learn five languages within 5 years

135
Q

모든

A

every (can be placed in front of a noun to make,,, every thing, every person, every fruit, etc…)

136
Q

모든 것

A

everything

137
Q

다

A

all (indicate everything is done)

저는 라면을 다 먹었어요 = I ate all the ramen

138
Q

~인

A

added to a verb to say ‘the…who IS….’
선생님인 살암
the person who is a teacher

139
Q

~는지

A

uncertain clause, put in sentences when using ‘i don’t know…’ or any question words
그 남자의 이름을 무엇인지 모르겠어
I don’t know what that man’s name is

140
Q

~ㄴ/은 작

A

noun of experience
‘i’ve done this…’ ‘i’ve not done this…’
거기에 간 적이 없어
i’ve havent been there

141
Q

~(으)려고

A

with the intention of

‘in order to understand the meaning, i read the book twice’

142
Q

~려고 노력하다

A

‘i try to…’

i try to meet that friend every weekend’

143
Q

~(으)러

A

to come/go

144
Q

~(기) 위해

A

for (the purpose of something)

‘i bought flowers for my girlfriend’

145
Q

~아/어 보다

A

to attempt/ try something

i tried eating the rice

146
Q

중

A

in the middle of

(often used like ‘는 있어’) to say ‘i am__ing’

147
Q

는 중

A

i am __ing

(often used like ‘는 있어’) to say ‘i am__ing’

148
Q

~중(에)

A

of all/among….

‘between rice and bread, rice is more delicious’

149
Q

~아/어 보다 중

A

‘of all the things i’ve tried’…

‘of all the places ive been, america is the scariest’

150
Q

그중에

A

between those (things)(previously mentioned)

151
Q

어떤

A

which

152
Q

어느

A

which

153
Q

중으로

A

by (this amount of time)

154
Q

~거리다

A

added at the end of a verb to imply repeatedly doing something

155
Q

자기

A

she/he/they (referencing a person already mentioned)

156
Q

자신

A

oneself/myself/himself/herself

157
Q

아직

A

still

158
Q

아직도

A

still (something that is still the case, but shouldnt be)

159
Q

아직은

A

still (something not done yet, but will be soon)

160
Q

아직히

A

still (an action still being.not being done and will continue like that)

161
Q

별로

A

really (in negative ending sentences)

‘im not really hungry’

162
Q

별로야

A

not really /meh
Q: was the food good? 밥은 맜있어?
A: meh, not really . 별로야.

163
Q

전혀

A

at all

‘im not hungry at all’

164
Q

하나도

A

not even one
‘i dont even have one friend
school isnt fun at all’

165
Q

훨씬

A

much more (like 더 but stronger)

166
Q

~에 관하다

A

about or in relation to

‘i saw a movie about clowns’

167
Q

주위

A

around (the circumference of)

168
Q

일단

A

once/after i

‘once i learn korean, i’ll go to korea’

169
Q

후에

A

after

170
Q

이상

A

after (with the nuance of the thing already being completed)

korean grammar (1 decks)

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