Grammar Flashcards

1
Q

to decribe action in progress (ing)

A

verb てform add いる behind ex:
勉強しています
読んでいます

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2
Q

result of change

A

verb て form+ いる
結婚しています。
座っています

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3
Q

describing a person

A

X は Y が+adjectiv+です

わたしは背が高いです

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4
Q

adjective + noun てform

A

いADJECTIVEー> DROP い add くて
irregular adjective いいー>よくて
なadjectiveー>dropな addで
noun-> drop です add で

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5
Q

purpose of going somewhere

A

desitation+に・へ+the purpose (conjurgated verb)+に来ま・行きます。・かえる

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6
Q

verb short form

A
their dictionary form
negative: ru verb change る to ない
u verb: drop th u into anai
end with う:わない
あるー>ない
くるー>こない
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7
Q

i adj short form

A

possitive : dropです ex かわいい

negative : dropいです add くない ex かわいくない

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8
Q

na adj short form

A

possitive: replace です with だ:静かだ
negative: replace です with じゃない 静かじゃない

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9
Q

noun short form

A

replace desu with da

negative replace desu with janai

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10
Q

informal speech

A

use short form

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11
Q

to think

A

short form + と思います。

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12
Q

to qoute

A

short form + と言っていました

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13
Q

please dont

A

verb negative short form +でください

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14
Q

change verb into noun

A

verb dictionary form + の

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15
Q

use of particle か

A

to focus on the item before ka

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16
Q

verb past tense affirmative short form

A

convert to te form, change te into ta or de into da
ex: たべる   たべた
EX:読む    読んだ

17
Q

verb past tense short form negative

A

similar to past tense short negative, add katta

ex: 読まなかった

18
Q

adjective short form past possitive

A

I adj: drop last i, add katta : 可愛かった

na adj: drop na add datta: 暇だった

19
Q

adj short past neg

A

i adj: short past pos form add katta :  かわいくなかった

なadj: drop na, ad janakatta: しずかじゃなかった

20
Q

noun short past form

A

positive: add datta at the end: 学生だった

negative ad janakatta at the end: 学生じゃなかった

21
Q

qualifing noun with verb and adj

A

add the verb or adj infornt of the noun. add iru if its a verb
読んでいる人
ねこがすきなひと

22
Q

もうーました

まだーていません

A

use mou when ask have you done something or already done smt (past tense)
use made when haven’t done it yet (continuous tense)
もう宿題をしましたか?
もう宿題をしました
まだ宿題をしていません

23
Q

explaining situation

A

cause(short form)+kara, situation
situation,explanation+ kara
explaination. sorekara situation

24
Q

Comparing two item

A

A のほうがBより。。。

25
Q

asking for comaparision in two item

A

A`とBと  どちら/どっち のほうが。。。

26
Q

comparing multiple item

A

ABC の中で どこ/だれ/いつ/何 が一番。。。です

27
Q

i intended to

A

verb (short/present)+ つもりです

28
Q

to become

A

add なる at the end
i adj: last い turn into く
na adj add に before naru
noun add にefore なる

29
Q

to express desire

A

verb stem+ たい
negative: たくない
past:たかった
past nega:たくなかった

30
Q

do such thing as

A

verb short past+ り、verb short past+ り+ しました・した

31
Q

to have expirience

A

verb short past+ ことがある