grammaaar

Question 1

I can’t drive you to the airport. I’ve sold my car

Answer 1

Present perfect simple (recent past events with an effect in the present)

Question 2

My sister has worked in the fashion industry for the past fifteen years.

Answer 2

Present perfect simple

Events which started in the past and continue in the present

Question 3

The phone has rung at least nine times this morning

Answer 3

Present Perfect Simple. Unfinished events, which occured in a time period that’s still in progress. Time phrases like morning, today, this week, this year

Question 4

We’ve lived in New York since 1994

I’ve known Richard for nearly sixteen years.

Answer 4

Present perfect simple. Situations or events that started in the past and
continue up to the time of speaking, and may or may
not continue in the future. We often use stative verbs
with for with the time period already elapsed or since
with the starting point of the time period.

Question 5

John and Kelly have visited Paris several times.

Answer 5

Present perfect simple (events that happened some time in the past, but the
exact time is not important.

Question 6

It’s the first time I’ve tried eating with chopsticks.

Answer 6

Present perfect simple (the first/second/third, etc. time an event has
happened)

Question 7

I haven’t been promoted since I’ve worked for this company

Answer 7

Present perfect simpletwo situations or events, which have existed or
happened together.

Question 8

I’ve been writing my report all morning

Answer 8

Present perfect continuous. With acting verbs, but not stative verbs.

Question 9

Jake has been doing experiments in his lab for twelve hours

Answer 9

Present perfect continuous. To emphasise the duration of an action which started in the past and is continuing in the present.

Question 10

My colleague is off sick, so I

ve been helping her team with their project.

Answer 10

Present perfect continuous. To suggest that a situation or activity is temporary.

Question 11

The phone has been ringing all morning.

Answer 11

To focus on a situation or activity that has been repeated.

Question 12

They had driven all night, so when they arrived they were exhausted.

Answer 12

Past perfect simple. To show that a past event or situation occurred before another past event or situation.

Question 13

Mountain BLA had been dormant for centuries when it unexpectedly erupted

Answer 13

Past perfect simple

To talk about situations which started in the past and continued up to a later point in the past

Question 14

I had my wallet stolen while I was at the market. It was the second time that had happened to me

Answer 14

The first/second/third etc time something in the past had happened.

Question 15

We had been standing at the bus stop for twenty minutes before a bus finally turned up.

Answer 15

Past perfect continuous. emphasise the duration of an action up to another time
in the past. The activity may have finished at that time
or continued afterwards. The past perfect continuous
cannot be used with stative verbs

Question 16

Before he was hired, he had been applying for jobs for months.

Answer 16

Past perfect continuous. Focus on actions that were repeated in the past.

Question 17

He was breathing hard because he had been running.

Answer 17

Past perfect continuous. To show effects of a previous activity in the past