Gramatical Definitions

Question 1

Auxiliary Verbs

Answer 1

verbs that help main verb to express tense, voice and other grammatical aspects (indicate tense, mood, grammatical aspects)

Question 2

Auxillary verb examples

Answer 2

Be, do, have

Question 3

Modal Verbs

Answer 3

auxiliary verbs that express modality (possibility, probablility, ability, permission, obligation, necessity, etc)

Question 4

Modal verb examples

Answer 4

can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will and would

Question 5

Verbs (categorization)

Hint: 7 divisions total

Answer 5

Verbs

1. Lexical (main, full)
   a. Regular: past tense end w/ -ed.
   i. ex: looks -> looked
   b. Irregular: past tense does NOT end w/ -ed.
   i. buys -> bought
   ii. cuts -> cut
2. Auxiliary (helping)
   a. primary auxiliary
   i. be, have, do
   b. modal auxiliary
   i. will, would, can, could, may, might, shall, should, must, ought to

Question 6

Gerund

Answer 6

=participle functioning as noun.
word created with a verb but functions as a noun.
Can functions as subject, subject complement, direct object, indirect object or object of a preposition.
In English -> ALWAYS end in -ing.
Note: Gerunds are specifically placed in the NOUN position whereas present participles are placed with the verb phrase.
Ex: “Brushing your hair prevents it from tangling.” (Brushing -> subject)
Ex: Her number one priority is working.” (Working -> subject complement)
Ex: “There is no use in standing in line for three hours,” grandma said. (Standing -> object of preposition)

Question 7

Participle

Answer 7

Words created from verbs used as adjectives to modify nouns.
also used as intros to adverbial phrases.
Present and past participles.
Ex: “The browning fruit should be put outside for composting.” (Browning -> present participle modifying noun fruit)
Ex: “I spent the whole day studying math.” (Studying -> present participle working as beginning of adverbial phrase and is modifying the verb spent)
Ex: “The windows were cracked when the rainstorm came through.” (Cracked -> past participle working as adjective to modify noun windows)
Ex: “He continued forward, cautioned by the desolate streets.” (Cautioned -> past participle functioning as beginning of adverbial phrase describing word continued)

Question 8

Infinitive

Answer 8

singular verbs usually preceded by the word “to.”
Do not change their endings; always in the simple, singular form.
No special suffixes (unconjugated)
Can be used as noun, adjective or adverb.