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Gram -ve > Gram +ve bacteria > Flashcards

Gram +ve bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

The thick layer of peptidoglycan contains?

A

TEICHOICACIDS and lipoteikoic acids

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2
Q

Mycobacterium:

Have _________ a waxy lipid.Protects it from desiccation

A

mycolic acid

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3
Q

mycolic acid does not stain with water based dyes but with

A

acid fast stain

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4
Q

What colour doe the gram =ve bacteria stain when it retain the crystal violet dye

A

Purple

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5
Q

Two major groups slip based on DNA

A

Low and High G+C bacteria

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6
Q

What are the different shapes of the bacteria

A

Cocci

Bacilli

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7
Q

Name the three genera of cocci

A

Streptoccoci
Streptococcus
Enterococcus

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8
Q

The three genera of bacilli

A

Bacillus
Clostridium
Listeria
Mycoplasmas

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9
Q

Staphylococcus is or is not part of the normal mircobiota ?

A

It is but can be opportunistic

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10
Q

The arrangement of the Staphylococcus is chain like ?True of false

A

Its false because they are grape like clustered in arrangement

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11
Q

Three main characteristic of Staphylococcus:

O2;Motility and Tolerant

A

Facultative-anaerobes
Non-Motile
Salt tolerant on human skin
also to desiccation, radiation and heat

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12
Q

Staphylococcus is catalase +ve or negative?

A

Positive

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13
Q

Two most common Staphylococcus disease

A

Staphylococcus aureus and epidermidis

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14
Q

Staphylococcus epidermidis is or is not a part of our normal microbiota

A

Normal microbiota of human skin and can be opportunistic

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15
Q

What are the 2 mechanical pathogenicity features of staphylococcus ?

A

Breach skin and only need a few number to enter to cause disease

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16
Q

What are the 3 virulence factors that feature the pathogenicity

A

ENZYME Production
Toxin
Evade phagocytosis and innate immune résponse.

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17
Q

Staphylococcus pathogenicity:

Structural defenses against phagocytosis

A 
(S. aureus) 
#Protein-A Binds IgG 
#Bound coagulase
Fibrin clots hide bacteria  from phagocytic cells
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18
Q

What is the common virulent factor between S. epidermidis and S. aureus?

A

slimelayers-(capsules) for both species S. aureus + S. epidermidis

      =Inhibit leukocyte chemotaxis & phagocytosis
       = Adhesive properties to surface e.g. catheter, shunts synthetic joints
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19
Q

Name the Staphylococcus enzymes that:

  1. Digests lipids
  2. Breaks penicillin and survives β-­‐lactam antimicrobial drugs
A
  1. lipases

2. β-­‐lactamase

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20
Q

Name the 4 main toxins of Staphylococcus virulence.

  1. Disturbs the cytolitic toxins
  2. Disrupts desmosomes causing skin to slough off
  3. Causes Toxic Shock Syndrom
  4. Enterotoxins- Heat stable and asso. to food poisoning
A
  1. Cytolic toxin
  2. Exfoliative toxin
  3. Toxic shock syndrome toxin
  4. Enterotoxin
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21
Q

What is the role of superantigens ?

A

Cause massive production of cytokins by macrophages and Tcell

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22
Q

Which of the Staphylococcus toxins act as super antigens

A

Exfoliative toxins, TSST, and Enterotoxin

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23
Q

what bacteria do you commonly find one moist skin folds

A

Staphylococcus. aureus

gram +ve cocci

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24
Q

Which mucous lining do the Staphylococcus grow in humans?

A

Upper respiratory tract
GIT
Urogenital tract

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25
Q

Staphylococcus is transmitted via direct contact or via formites

A

Both

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26
Q

Staphylococcus can be prevented by hand washing ?

A

Yes aseptic techniques to prevent infection

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27
Q

Staphylococcus bacteria is invasive and proliferates causing

A

abscesses

& tissue destruction

28
Q

Non invasive Staphylococcal

Diseases is food poisoning because of ingestion of

A

enterotoxin-­‐contaminated

food

29
Q

Name the Staphylococcal

cutaneous diseases

A

Pyogenic lesions

Scaled skin syndrome (toxin)

30
Q

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome features and name the secondary bacterial infection prone from this

A

Reddening of skin, large blisters wit clear fluid no scarring.
2nd bacterial infection is calle the Ritter disease for neonatal and young children

31
Q

Pyogenic lesion caused by S. aureus is is characterised by

A

impetigo and Folliculitis (carbuncle)

32
Q

Staphylococcal Systemic diseases causes by most of the species

A
  1. Bacteremia- 50% are nosocomial infections
  2. Endocarditis
  3. Pneumonia
  4. Osteomyelitis
  5. Urinary tract infections in young women
33
Q

Streptococcus is a catalase +ve or -ve?

A

Catalase Positive

34
Q

Streptococcus is arranged in cluster ?

A

No in Pairs and chains

35
Q

Streptococcus is Lancefield

classified and divided into setotyoes based on ?

A

Bacteria’s antigen-Group A and B

36
Q

Lancefield classification results into pathogenic groups namely?

A

Group A and B

37
Q

Group A Streptococcus: colonies have large zones of beta-­‐hemolysis or alpha-hemolysis … cultured in blood agar plates.

A

beta-­‐hemolysis

38
Q

What is the differential media used for the diverse streptococcus microorganisms to differentiate the different species?

A

Blood agar

39
Q

Streptococcus

pyogenes completely digests blood agar thus they are …… hemolysis

A

Streptococcus pyogenes are

beta-­hemolysis

40
Q

The differential media used for the Streptococcus

pneumoniae that partially digest blood is -Alpha or Beta hemolysis

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae partial digests blood: alpha-­hemolysis

41
Q

Enterococcus foecalis does not digest blood agar

A

Enterococcus foecalis Gamma-hemolysis

42
Q

Group A Streptococcus:–> Streptococcus pyogenes super antigen is

A

Pyrogenic or erythrogenic toxins-Acting on macrophages and Tcells= cytokine release to stimulate fever, rash and shock

43
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes has 7 pathogenicity including the superantigen. 1.How does it evade phagocytosis

A
  1. Evades phagocytosis -M protein destabilise complement + HA hides bacteria
44
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes 1 of 7 pathogenicity is to break down blood clot and increase speed via tissues

A

Strepokinases

45
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes 1 of 7 pathogenicity is to reduce pus firmness to facilitate spread

A

Deoxyribonucleases

46
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes 1 of 7 pathogenicity is to breakdown complement protein C5a thus decreasing WBC to infection site.

A

C5a peptidase

47
Q

Name the streptococcus pyogenes pathogenic the facilitates the spread through tissues.

A

Hyaluronidase

48
Q

Name the streptococcus pyogenes pathogenic enzyme that aids in spreading of the bacteria

A

Hyaluronidase
• Deoxyribonucleases
• Streptokinases

49
Q

Name the streptococcus pyogenes pathogenicity that lyses RBC +WBC + Platelets

A

Streptolysins

50
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes typically infects

A

Pharynx or skin

51
Q

how does Streptococcus pyogenes spread ?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes spreads via respiratory droplets

52
Q

Group A streptococcal diseases

“strep throat” and “scarlatina” state commonly knows are

A

Pharyngitis-Inflammation of pharynx
and
scarlet fever-Chest rash

53
Q

Scarelet fever is a disease of Group A streptococcal diseases caused by what type of toxin?

A

Scarlet fever streptococcal disease caused by pyrogenic toxins

54
Q

Which one of the Group A streptococcal diseases is contagious Pyoderma or erysipelas?

A

Pyoderma- Pus producing lesion because of DC or contaminated fomites

55
Q

Which one of the Group A streptococcal diseases is the inflammation of lymph nodes Pyoderma or erysipelas?

A

Erysipelas-Typically seen on children face

56
Q

Most well known streptococcal diseases called “ flesh eating” group A streptococcal pyrogens

A

Necrotizing fasciitis- spread along fascia and secrete enzymes and toxins to destroy tissue.

57
Q

One of the two Group A streptococcal nonsuppurative diseases characterised by complication of untreated streptococcal pharyngitis and autoimmune response against heart antigens?

A

Group A streptococcal nonsuppurative disease- Rheumatic fever

58
Q

One of the two Group A streptococcal nonsuppurative diseases characterised by antibody-bound streptococcal antigens that accumulate in the glomeruli of kidney.

A

Group A streptococcal nonsuppurative disease is- Glomerulonephritis.
Adults may suffer from irreversible kidney damage.

59
Q

Can you perform a rapid skin test to diagnose Group A streptococcal infection

A

Yes, rapid skin test used to diagnose respiratory infections group A streptococcal antigens.

60
Q

Is the the group B streptococcus cocci arrangement in pairs or chains

A

Chains

61
Q

Can we distinguish group A from B group:
A) Bigger zone of beta hemolysis
B) specific polysaccharides cell wall antigen
C) Not resistant to bacitracin

A

B) specific polysaccharides cell wall antigen is what disguises Streptococcal Group A from B

62
Q

Group B Streptococcus-Streptococcus

agalactiae pathogenicity often infects new borns without the antigen. True or false ?

A

True:Group B Streptococcus-Streptococcus

agalactiae pathogenicity often infects new borns without the antigen.

63
Q

Group B Streptococcus agalactiae infection’s for most adults is often a result of?

A

Wound infections and childbirth

64
Q

It is true that Group B Streptococcus agalactiae disease is associated with neonatal bacterimia, meningitis and penirmonia ?

A

YTrue

Group B Streptococcus agalactiae disease is associated with neonatal bacterimia, meningitis and penirmonia ?

65
Q

Group B Streptococcus agalactiae disease risk group are the immunocompromised patients?

A

Older immunocompromised patients are at risk

66
Q

True or false:
Group B Streptococcus agalactiae disease- puerperal
fever (postpartum endometritis)

A

True:Group B Streptococcus agalactiae disease- puerperal

fever (postpartum endometritis)

Gram -ve (2 decks)

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