Gram Positive Cocci

Question 1

Staphylococci Gram Positive: Stain, resistance, breathing

Answer 1

Gram-positive (blue)
Clusters
Hardy Bacteria
Common Nosocomial infection

Question 2

Staphylococci catalase

Answer 2

Catalase positive

Question 3

Staphylococci Aureus Gram Positive Cocci: Coagulase,normal flora, Frequency,

Answer 3

Coagulase Positive (cause clot)
Nasal Flora
Most Common bacteral human pathogen

Question 4

Staphylococci Aureus (S.Aures) Gram Positive Cocci colonies

Answer 4

golden on agar

Question 5

Staphylococci Aureus (S.Aures) Gram Positive Cocci Virulance Facors: Surface

Answer 5

Protein A: Binds to Fc portion of Antibody,
Microcapsule: antiphagocytic
Adhesion

Question 6

Staphylococci Aureus (S.Aures) Gram Positive Cocci Virulance Factors: cytolytic exotoxins

Answer 6

Hemolysis

PVL lyse PMN (neutrophils)

Question 7

Staphylococci Aureus (S.Aures) Gram Positive Cocci Virulance Facors: Spreading factors

Answer 7

Enzymes that facilitate penetration through extracellular tissue; staphylokinase, hyaluronidaes, lipase and DNAase

Question 8

Staphylococci Aureus (S.Aures) Gram Positive Cocci Virulance Facors:Superantigen exotosins

Answer 8

Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1)
Enterotoxins (food poisoning)
Exfoliatin (scalded skin syndrome)

Question 9

Staphylococci Aureus (S.Aures) Gram Positive Cocci: Epidemiology

Answer 9

carriage rate for a healthy individual is about 20-30%
Tissue injury, preexisting primary infection
Diabetes
Immunodeficiency 
Poor hygiene 
Poor Nutrition
System or localized
Nosocomial

Question 10

Staphylococci Aureus Gram Positive Cocci: Clinical Manifestations, list skin infections

Answer 10

Skin and soft tissue infection
Furuncles: small pus-filled local infection
Carbuncles: larger skin abscesses
Impetigo: spreading, crusted skin infection
Cellulitis: Deep skin infection
***surgically debridement is usually required in addition to system antibiotic

Question 11

Staphylococci Aureus Gram Positive Cocci: Clinical Manifestations, infection of non-skin tissues

Answer 11

Osteomyelitis: S.aureaus most common cause of bone infection in children
Pneumonia: commonly in hospitalized patients
Septic Joint: Especially in children
Acute Endocarditis: frequent associated with IV drug abuse
Septicemia: Bloodstream infection

Question 12

Staphylococci Aureus Gram Positive Cocci: Clinical Manifestations,Toxins

Answer 12

TSST-1
Enterotoxins: Food poisoning, acute onset
Scalded skin Syndrome: Exfoliatin toxin-induced bright red flush, blisters (bullae)

Question 13

Staphylococci Aureus Gram Positive Cocci: Resistance and Treatment

Answer 13

> 90% are resistant to penicillins
to overcome penicillin resistance “antistaphylococcal penicillins” (Nafcillin, Oxaxillin, and MEthicillin) were used. MSSA is used (Methicillin Sensitive S. aureus)
50-65 of S. aureus isolated are MRSA

Question 14

Staphylococci Gram Positive Cocci: Coagulase Negative

Answer 14

S. Epidermidis

S. Saprophyticus

Question 15

Staphylococci epidermidis: Gram-positive, Catalase +

Answer 15

Normal skin flora
Infection via broken skin
Relatively less virulent
produce cell surface polysaccharide "slime" that adheres to bioprosthetic materials and is a barrier for antibiotics 
Nosocomial
MRSA

Question 16

Staphylococci Saprophyticus: Gram-positive, Catalase +

Answer 16

Normal Vagina Flora
causes UTI, cystitis in women
novoviovin resistance
**Sensistive to Penicillin G

Question 17

Streptococci: Gram, chain length, catalase

Answer 17

Gram-positive, long pair chain, catalase negative