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Micro > Gram Positive Cocci > Flashcards

Gram Positive Cocci Flashcards

1
Q

Gram positive

A

purple

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2
Q

Gram positive cocci

A

Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
Enterococcus

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3
Q

Gram positive cocci

Catalase positive

A

Staphylococcus

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4
Q

S. aureus characteristics

A 
Gram positive cocci
Catalase positive
Coagulase positive
Beta hemolytic
Mannitol fermentation
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5
Q

Main virulence factor S. aureus

A

Protein A

binds Fc preventing opsonization

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6
Q

S. aureus colonizes

A

Nares

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7
Q

S. aureus diseases

A 
Pneumonia
Septic arthritis
Cellulitis, Impetigo etc.
Acute bacterial endocarditis
Osteomyelitis
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8
Q

Characteristics of S. aureus pneumonia

A

patchy infiltrate on CXR

secondary post-viral bacterial infection

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9
Q

S. aureus is the most common cause of

A

septic arthritis

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10
Q

Consider which S. aureus disease in IV drug users

A

Acute bacterial endocarditis

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11
Q

S. aureus toxin-mediated syndromes

A

Scalded-skin syndrome
Toxic Shock Syndrome
Food Poisoning

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12
Q

Toxin associated with scalded-skin syndrome

A

exfoliative toxin

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13
Q

Toxin associated with TSS

A

TSST-1

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14
Q

MOA of TSST-1

A

non-specific binding of MHC II and T-cell receptors resulting in overactivation and cytokine storm

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15
Q

Toxin associated with food poisoning

A

Enterotoxin

1-8h

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16
Q

MRSA

A

alters PBPs
use vancomycin
sensitive - use nafcillin

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17
Q

Enemy of orthopedic surgeons

A

S. epidermidis

affects artificial joints, hardware, catheters

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18
Q

S. epidermidis characteristics

A 
Gram positive cocci
Catalase positive
Coagulase negative
Urease positive
Novobiocin sensitive
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19
Q

Most common cause of endocarditis of artificial heart valves

A

S. epidermidis (biofilms)

Treat with vancomycin

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20
Q

S. saprophyticus characteristics

A 
Gram positive cocci
Catalase positive
Coagulase negative
Urease positive
Novobiocin resistant
21
Q

S. saprophyticus is common cause of

A

UTI in sexually active females

22
Q

Gram positive cocci

Catalase negative

A

Streptococcus

23
Q

GAS characteristics

A 
Streptococcus pyogenes
Gram positive cocci in lines
Catalase negative
Bacitracin sensitive
Beta hemolytic
24
Q

Clinical infections of GAS

A

Impetigo - honey crusted
Pharyngitis
Erysepela/cellulitis

25
Q

Major toxin of GAS

A

SPE - strep pyogenic exotoxin

26
Q

SPE mediated diseases

A

Scarlet Fever
Toxic Shock-Like Syndrome
Necrotizing Fasciitis

27
Q

Scarlet Fever

A

Red/swollen strawberry tongue
Pharyngitis
Widespread rash sparing face

28
Q

TSLS

A

Similar to TSST-1

29
Q

Necrotizing Fasciitis

A

invades fascia under skin

30
Q

Subgroups of SPE

A

SpeA - SF and TSLS
SpeB - NF
SpeC - SF and TSLS

31
Q

Associated conditions and complications of GAS

A

Rheumatic Fever

Post-Strep Glomerulonephritis

32
Q

Rheumatic fever

A

M-protein - highly antigenic - Type II HSN
Interferes w/opsonization and initiates immunogenic response
Ab against myosin in heart - mitral valve

33
Q

JONES criteria of RF

A

Joints - polyarthritis
Heart - valvular damage, murmurs, myocarditis etc.
Nodules - subcutaneous nodules of forearm, elbows, knees
E - erythema marginatum
S - Sydenham Chorea

34
Q

PSGN

A

Type III HSN
dark brown urine
fascial swelling
2 weeks after strep infection

35
Q

Difference between RF and PSGN

A

PSGN can occur after both pharyngitis or skin infection; RF only after pharyngitis
Early TX can prevent RF; cannot prevent PSGN

36
Q

Virulence factors of GAS

A

Streptolysin O - lyse RBC - beta hemolytic - generate ASO Ab
Streptokinase
DNAse

37
Q

GBS characteristics

A 
Streptococcus agalactiae
Gram positive cocci
Catalase negative
CAMP positive*
Beta hemolytic
Hippurate positive
Bacitracin resistant
38
Q

GBS causes serious infections in

A

Newborns
Infected as baby passes through vaginal canal
Mothers get cultured at 35 weeks
Positive - intrapartum PCN

39
Q

Clinical presentations of GBS

A

Neonatal meningitis - most common cause
Neonatal sepsis
Neonatal pneumonia

40
Q

Alpha hemolytic Strep

A

S. pneumoniae

S. viridans

41
Q

S. pneumoniae characteristics

A 
Gram positive diplococci
catalase negative
Alpha hemolytic
Optochin sensitive
Bile soluble
42
Q

S. pneumoniae VFs

A

Polysaccharide capsule
IgA protease
Common infections in sickle cell

43
Q

S. pneumoniae vaccines

A

23 valent polysaccharide for adults - IgM

7 valent conjugated for children - IgG

44
Q

Common clinical presentations of S. pneumoniae

A

Meningitis
Otitis Media
Pneumonia - rust colored, lower lobes - #1 community acquired pneumonia
Sinusitis

45
Q

S. viridans characteristics

A 
Gram positive cocci
catalase negative 
alpha hemolytic
Optochin resistant 
Bile resistant 
no capsule
46
Q

S. viridans associations

A

Dental caries - S. mutans

Endocarditis - S. sanguinis

47
Q

Enterococcus characteristics

A

Gram positive cocci
Intestinal tract
Grows in 6.5% NaCl
Bile resistant

48
Q

Treatment of VRE

A

Linezolid

Tigecycline

49
Q

Enterococcus presentations

A

UTI
Endocarditis
Biliary tree infections

Micro (1 decks)

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