GRAM POSITIVE COCCI Flashcards
1
Q
It is a spherical, non-motile grape like cluster gram positive cocci
A
Staphylococcus
2
Q
They are non-encapsulated and nonspore former gram positive cocci
A
Staphylococcus
3
Q
Staphylococcus that cannot ferment glucose (Glucose non-fermenters)
A
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
4
Q
“BUNCHES OF GRAPES”
A
Staphylococcus
5
Q
It appears creamy, white, or rarely light gold in Mannitol Salt Agar
A
Staphylococcus aureus
6
Q
It is a test to differentiate gram positive cocci (Streptococci and Staphylococci)
A
Catalase Test
7
Q
Obligate anaerobe Staphylococcus
A
Staphylococcus saccharolyticus
8
Q
Reaction to Catalase
A
3% H202
9
Q
A gram positive cocci that is catalase positive and coagulase negative
A
Micrococcus luteus
10
Q
The colony of Micrococcus appears in what color?
A
Distinct yellow pigmented colony
11
Q
Habitat of Staphylococcus aureus
A
Anterior Nares
12
Q
Give the 3 Clinically important species of Staphylococci
A
S. aureus
S. epidermidis
S. saprophyticus
13
Q
A modified catalase contains what?
A
Mild Detergent
14
Q
Mannitol Salt Agar colony appears in what color?
A
Yellow/Golden Yellow pigments
15
Q
What is the Mode of Transmission of Staphylococcus aureus?
A
Traumatic introduction/entry
16
Q
“Oil Paint appearance”
A
Staphylococcus aureus
17
Q
“lemon yellow pigment”
A
Staphylococcus citreus
18
Q
“porcelain white pigment”
A
Staphylococcus albus
19
Q
“porcelain white pigment”
A
Staphylococcus albus
20
Q
What is the color of the colony in K tellurite medium?
A
Jet Black Colonies
21
Q
Staphylococcus specie that is human pathogen
A
Staphylococcus aureus
22
Q
Staphylococcus species that is Animal pathogen
A
(DISH)
S. delphini
S. intermedius
S. schleiferi
S. hyicus
23
Q
Staphylococcus that can be acquired in hospital infections
A
Staphylococcus epidermidis
24
Q
Staphylococcus that can cause UTIs in young sexually active females
A
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
25
Staphylococcus aureus is NOSOCOMIAL. What do you mean by Nosocomial?
Hospitally acquired
26
It is a dangerous Staphylococcus specie
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
27
Staphylococcus Species that are coagulase positive
(DISH)
S. delphini
S. intermedius
S. schleiferi
S. hyicus
28
It produces beta hemolytic (complete hemolysis)
Staphylococcus
29
Beta hemolytic on Blood Agar Plate
Staphylococcus aureus
30
Sulfide Indole Motility (SIM) Test appears what in what color if motile?
Black
31
A gram positive cocci that is catalase positive and coagulase positive
Staphylococcus aureus
32
Singly, in pairs, & in cluster
Staphylococcus
33
Staphylococcus that is pus formers
Staphylococcus aureus
34
Coagulase is a _____________ factor
Clotting factor
35
Hyaluronidase is a ____________ factor
Spreading factor
36
What is an enzyme that breaks down fats & oil?
Lipase
37
Hemolysin that destroys the platelets and tissues
a hemolysin
38
Heat-stable exotoxins that cause diarrhea and vomiting (Food Poisoning)
Enterotoxins
39
Resistant to gastric acid and associated with food poisoning
Toxins A-E and G-I
40
It causes toxic shock syndrome
TSST-1 (Toxin F)
41
A virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus that are superantigens
TSST-1 and B, C, G, and I
42
It causes sloughing off of the skin and is known to cause Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSS) or Ritter's Disease
Exfoliative toxin (epidermolytic toxin)
43
It is also associated with bullous impetigo
Exfoliative toxin (epidermolytic toxin)
44
Kills polymorphonuclear leukocytes
Leukocidins (Panton-Valentine leukocidin)
45
It helps prevent phagocytosis
Leukocidins (Panton-Valentine leukocidin)
46
It is the ingestion of bacteria
Phagocytosis
47
Hemolysin that acts on the sphingomyelin of RBC membranes causing lysis
B hemolysin
48
Hemolysin that causes injury to cells and leukocytes but is less lethal
ō hemolysin
49
It can also break down sebaceous glands
Lipase
50
It blocks phagocytes
Protein A
51
Types of Hemolysin in Blood Agar: partial/narrow zone
Alpha
52
Types of Hemolysin in Blood Agar: complete
Beta
53
Types of Hemolysin in Blood Agar: non-hemolytic
Gamma
54
Types of Hemolysin in Blood Agar: wide/double zone
A prime
55
This bacteria that can be seen in blood agar have only one double zone hemolysin
Clostridium perfringens
56
Infection of the hair follicle
Folliculitis
57
REDNESS and this can be spread by direct contact and fomites which is highly contagious
Bullous impetigo
58
It is more likely to occur in renal failure patients
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS)
59
This syndrome is associated with super absorbent tampons
Toxic Shock Syndrome
60
This occurs during menstruation and may cause infertility
Toxic Shock Syndrome
61
The creatinine of the patient with this syndrome may increase because of rapid dehydration
Toxic Shock Syndrome
62
Toxic Shock Syndrome may also cause Rapid Septicemia. What is Rapid Septicemia?
Blood Poisoning
63
Staphylococcus aureus is heat stable and can live in high temperature.
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
64
It contaminates rich foods like potato, salad, or mayonnaise; inadequate refrigeration
Enterotoxins A-D (A and D most common)
65
This bacteria can be obtained by unhygienic preparation of foods
Staphylococcus aureus
66
It has slime layers and produces biofilms
Staphylococcus epidermidis
67
Staphylococcus that is coagulase negative and novobiocin sensitive
Staphylococcus epidermidis
68
It is the resident flora of the skin
Staphylococcus epidermidis
69
It can adhere or attach itself to catheter, injection etc. (so it cause UTI)
Staphylococcus epidermidis
70
Low amounts in urine cultures but still very significant
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
71
Staphylococcus that is present in the lining of the urogenital tract
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
72
It is the second most common coagulase negative staphylococcus
Staphylococcus haemolyticus
73
Staphylococcus that is resistant to vancomycin
Staphylococcus haemolyticus
74
Staphylococcus that is coagulation negative and novobiocin resistant
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
75
Gram Positive cocci grows easily on what agar?
Blood Agar plate (BAP)
76
What media is used to identify Staphylococcus if heavily contaminated?
Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) and Columbia colistin-nalidixic acid agar (CNA)
77
Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) appears what color if POSITIVE?
Golden Yellow
78
Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) appears what color if NEGATIVE?
Phenol red/pink
79
pH indicator of Staphylococcus spp. on Gram Stain
Phenol red
80
What is BBL CHROMagar?
It is used to identify Staphylococcus especially Staphylococcus aures
81
Staphylococcus aureus can tolerate how many percent of NaCl?
10% NaCl
82
They are 'pinpoint colonies' and beta hemolytic
Streptococcus
83
CATALASE TEST: what happens if you drop H202 onto smear and its bubbling?
POSITIVE (most bacteria, O2 generated)
84
CATALASE TEST: what happens if you drop H202 onto smear and there is no bubbling?
NEGATIVE (Streptococci and other lactic acid bacteria, no O2 generated)
85
Principle: tests for enzyme catalase
2H202 -----------> 2H20 + O2
86
This test uses hydrogen peroxide
Catalase Test
87
Catalase Test is positive for what Staphylococcus specie?
Staphylococcus aureus
88
Catalase Test is negative for what gram positive cocci?
Streptococcus species
89
Positive results for Catalase Test mean there is no rapid effervescence of gas.
TRUE or FALSE
FALSE
(there is rapid effervescence of gas)
90
If clumping is positive, a tube test should be performed.
TRUE or FALSE
FALSE
(negative)
91
What method demonstrate free coagulase
Tube method
92
What method demonstrate bound coagulase?
Slide method
93
What method demonstrate bound coagulase?
Slide method
94
COAGULASE TEST: reading within how many hours prevents false negative results?
4 hours
95
COAGULASE TEST: reading within how many hours prevents false positive results?
20 hours
96
In slide method, if clump is positive, bound coagulase
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
97
In slide method, if clump is positive, bound coagulase
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
98
In separating Micrococcus, what disk test should be done?
Bacitracin disk test
99
In separating Micrococcus, what disk test should be done?
Bacitracin disk test
100
BACITRACIN DISK TEST: Micrococcus
SUSCEPTIBLE or RESISTANT
Susceptible
101
BACITRACIN DISK TEST: Coagulase negative Staphylococci
SUSCEPTIBLE or RESISTANT
Resistant
102
It is to detect MRSA (Methicillin-resistant S. aureus) and MRSE (Methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis)
mecA gene
103
It encodes penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)
mecA gene
104
It is a mecA gene that is detected by PCR
Gold Standard
105
What disks should be use in Double-zone Test?
Erythromycin and Clindamycin disks
106
This test uses two antibiotics
Double-zone Test
107
D zone test: Erythromycin
RESISTANT or SUSCEPTIBLE
RESISTANT
108
D zone test: Clindamycin
RESISTANT or SUSCEPTIBLE
SUSCEPTIBLE
109
Gram-positive cocci that is Catalase negative
Streptococci and Enterococci
110
Streptococcus that is in need of oxygen and flesh eating bacteria
Streptococcus pyogenes
111
Cell wall structure of Streptococcus spp.
Thick peptidoglycan layer
112
CLASSIFICATION OF STREPTOCOCCI: Growth in temperature
Academic
113
CLASSIFICATION OF STREPTOCOCCI: can grow 37 degrees celcius
Bergey's
114
CLASSIFICATION OF STREPTOCOCCI: based on hemolysis in blood agar plate
Smith and Brown
115
The bacteria can't grow and antibiotic is effective against bacteria
Susceptible
116
The bacteria can grow meaning the antibiotic is ineffective
Resistant
117
• PARTIAL lysis of RBCs around colony
• GREENISH discoloration of area around colony
Alpha Hemolysis
118
• COMPLETE lysis of RBCs around colony
• CLEAR are around colony
Beta hemolysis
119
• NO lysis of RBCs around colony
• NO CHANGE in agar
Non-hemolytic
120
• SMALL AREA of intact RBCs around colony
• surrounded by a WIDER ZONE of complete hemolysis
Alpha-prime or wide zone
121
REBECCA LANCEFIELD CLASSIFICATION: The Viridans group has no classification since they lacked M protein
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
122
In what year Rebecca Lancefield developed Lancefield Classification technique?
1930s
123
REBECCA LANCEFIELD CLASSIFICATION: How many minutes should we place Streptococci into a dilute acid solution?
10 Minutes
124
A gram positive cocci that is facultative anaerobe (oxygen is accessory)
Streptococci
125
A gram positive cocci that depends on oxygen for survival
Staphylococcus
126
A Gram Positive cocci that its majority are in chains
Streptococci
127
It is essential for virulence and has antiphagocytic factor
M Protein
128
The patient has pink/strawberry tongue
Scarlet Fever
129
A test to determine susceptibility or immunity to scarlet fever by an injection of scarlet fever toxin
test arm - toxin
control arm - toxoid
Dick's Test
130
It determines whether the rashes is due to scarlet fever or not
Schultz-Charlton phenomenon
131
Scarlet Fever: Injection of anti-erythrogenic toxin
Blanching phenomenon
132
Streptococcus Pyogenes belongs to what Group _?
Group A
133
Streptococcus agalactiae belongs to what Group _?
Group B
134
It is the normal flora of the female genital tract
Group B (Streptococcus agalactiae)
135
It appears to be important factor of Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B) in inhibiting alternative pathway of complement
A. Capsule
B. Hemolysin
C. Hyaluronidase
D. Sialic Acid
E. None of the above
D. Sialic Acid
136
It prevents the phagocytosis of Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B)
Capsule
137
It is a protein secreted by Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B)
CAMP Factor
138
The normal microbiota of oral cavity
Viridans
139
A gram positive cocci, catalase-negative, and has irregular coccoid morphology
Leuconostoc bacteria
140
They are mostly alpha hemolytic and mostly penicillin susceptible
A. Leuconostoc
B. Viridans
C. Aerococcus
D. Streptococcus agalactiae
E. None of the above
B. Viridans
141
Abiotrophia & Granulicatella bacteria can grow with other bacteria and can form what colonies?
Satellite Colonies
142
This bacteria invades Lobar (lungs)
Streptococcus pneumoniae
143
A gram positive diplococci on blood agar plate, intracellular obligate, capsulated, and alpha hemolytic
Streptococcus pneumoniae
144
Flesh eating Streptococcus bacteria and its infection is from Upper to Lower extremities
Streptococcus pyogenes
145
Erythrogenic toxin and Erysipelas can cause _______ into skin.
Redness
146
Redness/Blackening in the lower extremities of a diabetic patient; high glucose
Cellulitis
147
What fever can tonsillitis cause if left untreated?
Rheumatic fever
148
This Group is mostly zoonotic
Group C & G
149
Group D (non entero and enterococci)
1. bovis - ______________
2. equinis - _______________
1. bovis - cattle
2. equinis - horse
