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MICROPARA LEC > GRAM-POSITIVE COCCI > Flashcards

GRAM-POSITIVE COCCI Flashcards

1
Q

3 Genera (prural ng Genus) of Gram Positive Cocci

A

Staphylococci
Streptococci
Enterococci

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2
Q

Clusters

A

Staphylococcus

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3
Q

Chains

A

Steptococcus
Enterococcus

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4
Q

Catalase positive (may bubbles)

A

Staphylococcus

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5
Q

Catalase negative (no bubbles)

A

Streptococcus
Enterococcus

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6
Q
  • gram-positive spherical cells arranged in grapelike irregular clusters
  • aerobic or microaerophilic
  • produce catalase, which converts H2O2 to H2O and O2
  • slowly ferment many carbohydrates, producing lactic acid but not gas
  • relatively resistant to drying, heat (withstand 50°C for 30 minutes), and
    10% NaCl
A

STAPHYLOCOCCI

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7
Q

Expose the microorganism to peroxide

A

Catalase test

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8
Q

Catalyst is the enzyme that neutralizes what reactive oxygen species?

A

hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)

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9
Q

Products of peroxide- intoxification by catalyst

A

Water (H2O) and oxygen (dioxide/O2)

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10
Q

AS human what we ferment?

A

lactic acid

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11
Q

Fungi ferment nya

A

Ethanol

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12
Q

3 Staphylococci

A

Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus saprophyticus

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13
Q

Blood Agar Plate (BAP) hemolysis
S. aureus
S. epidermidis
S. saprophyticus

A

S. aureus - Beta
S. epidermidis- Gamma
S. saprophyticus- Gamma

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14
Q

Coagulase of
S. aureus
S. epidermidis
S. saprophyticus

A

S. aureus- Positive
S. epidermidis- Negative
S. saprophyticus- Negative

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15
Q

Mannitol-Salt Agar (MSA fermentation)
S. aureus
S. epidermidis
S. saprophyticus

A

S. aureus- Positive Golden yellow colonies (pink to yellow)
S. epidermidis- Negative (no fermenting)
S. saprophyticus- Both pos. and neg.

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16
Q

Mannitol Salt Agar

A

Contains high salt concentration
Staphylococci grows in high-salt concentration
7.5% Sodium chloride
Selective medium-salt content
Differential medium- mannitol content

17
Q

Virulence factors associated with S. aureus
S. aureus Enzymes

A

-Coagulase
* clots oxalated or citrated plasma
* binds to prothrombin to enzymatically activate and initiate fibrin
polymerization
* alters ingestion by phagocytic cells or their destruction
-Clumping Factor
* adheres organism to fibrinogen and fibrin

18
Q

S. aureus Toxins

A

Hemolysins
Exfoliative Toxins
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 (TSST-1)
Enterotoxins

19
Q
  • lyse many cells e.g., RBCs and WBCs
  • creates pores that cause release of inflammatory mediators e.g., IL-8,
    leukotriene, and histamine, which are responsible for necrosis and severe inflammation
A

Hemolysins

20
Q
  • superantigens
  • produce the generalized desquamation of staphylococcal scalded skin
    syndrome by dissolving the mucopolysaccharide matrix of the epidermis
A

Exfoliative Toxins

21
Q
  • a superantigen
  • binds to MHCII molecules, resulting in T-cell stimulation, which promotes
    the manifestations of toxic shock syndrome (fever, shock, desquamative
    skin rash)
A

Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 (TSST-1)

22
Q
  • heat stable and resistant to gut enzymes
  • causes food poisoning
A

Enterotoxins

23
Q

S. aureus Transmission

A
  • members of the normal microbiota of skin and respiratory tract and GIT
  • nasal carriage of S. aureus occurs in 20–50% of humans
  • direct and indirect contact
24
Q

S. aureus Clinical Findings

A
  • Furuncle/Carbuncle
  • Impetigo/Pyoderma
  • Bacteremia
  • Food Poisoning
  • Toxic Shock Syndrome
  • Scalded Syndrome
25
Q
  • localized abscess
  • Groups of S. aureus established in a hair follicle lead to tissue necrosis.
  • Coagulase coagulates fibrin, resulting in wall formation.
  • Within the center of the lesion, liquefaction occurs (enhanced by delayed
    hypersensitivity).
A

Furuncle/Carbuncle

26
Q

Honey yellow colored crust
* local infection of superficial layers of skin, especially in children
* superficial vesicles → pustules → erosions covered with pus → yellow-
brown honey-colored crust
* highly communicable, especially in hot, humid climates

A

Impetigo/Pyoderma

27
Q
A
28
Q
  • Inc. period: 1-8 hrs
    *N/V, diarrhea, (-) fever
A

Food poisoning

29
Q
  • abrubt onset of high fever, vomiting, diarrhea, myalgia, scarlatiniform
    rash, and hypotension with cardiac and renal failure in most severe cases
  • often w/n 5 days after the onset of menses in young women who use
    high-absorbency tampons
A

Toxic Shock Syndrome

30
Q

redness and tenderness of the central face,
neck, trunk, and intertriginous zones
short-lived flaccid bullae and exfoliation of superficial epidermis
(+) Nikolsky Sign
crusted areas around mouth in a radial pattern

A

Scalded Skin Syndrome

31
Q

S. aureus Treatment
* Furuncles/Carbuncles
* Bacteremia and Dissemination

A
  • Furuncles/Carbuncles
  • Antisepsis
    *Drainage
  • Bacteremia and Dissemination
  • IV β-lactamase-resistant (antistaphylococcal) penicillins- Methicillin
  • MRSA: vancomycin
  • VRSA: linezolid, streptogramins
32
Q
A

MICROPARA LEC (3 decks)

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