Gram Positive Cocci

Question 1

Treatment (3): Enterococcus

Answer 1

1) Linezolid
2) Tigecycline
3) Daptomycin

Question 2

What organism is most associated with subacute endocarditis?

Answer 2

Streptococcus Viridans Sanguis

Question 3

How do you prevent Neonatal infection with Strep. Agalactiae?

Answer 3

Give mother penicillin

Question 4

Characterize (4): Staph. aureus

Answer 4

Catalase positive
Coagulase positive
Beta hemolytic
Ferments Mannitol

Question 5

Hemolysis: Strep. pyogenes

Answer 5

Beta hemolytic

Question 6

Name 2 bile resistant bacteria

Answer 6

Enterococcus

Strep. Viridans

Question 7

Name common infections caused by Staph. aureus

Answer 7

1. Endocarditis
2. Pneumonia
3. Septic arthritis
4. Osteomyelitis
5. Abscesses

Question 8

How can you differentiate GAS from GBS?

Answer 8

GAS = Bacitracin sensitive 
GBS = Bacitracin resistant

Question 9

Name 3 main infections caused by Enterococcus

Answer 9

1. UTI’s
2. Biliary tree infection
3. Endocarditis

Question 10

Exotoxins (3): STAPH. AUREUS

Answer 10

1. Exfoliative toxin
2. Enterotoxin
3. Toxic shock syndrome toxin

Question 11

Name 2 virulence factors of strep. Pneumoniae:

Answer 11

1. Polysaccharide capsule

2. IgA protease

Question 12

What is a positive CAMP test?

Answer 12

Widens the area of hemolysis of Staph. Aureus when paired with Strep. Agalactiae

Question 13

What organism is most associated with dental caries?

Answer 13

Strep. Viridans mutans

Question 14

Name 2 effects of Strep. pyogenes’ M protein

Answer 14

1. Anti-phagocytic

2. Abs against mitral valve

Question 15

Does S. agalactiae have a capsule?

Answer 15

Yes, it is a polysaccharide capsule

Question 16

What notable growth medium can Enterococcus grow on?

Answer 16

6.5% NaCl

Question 17

MOA: Staph. Aureus’ protein A

Answer 17

1. Binds to Fc region of Ig

Question 18

What s the difference in immunological response to Strep. Pneumoniae vaccine for children and adults?

Answer 18

Children produce IgG (given 13 valent vaccine conjugated to a protein)
Adults Produce IgM (given 23 valent polysaccharide vaccine)

Question 19

Name 3 different presentations infections with strep. Agalactiae

Answer 19

1. Neonatal sepsis
2. Neonatal meningitis
3. Pneumonia

Question 20

Name 2 species of Enterococcus:

Answer 20

1. Faecalis

2. Faecium

Question 21

What type of infections does Strep. Pyogenes cause?

Answer 21

1. Cellulitis / erysipelas
2. Pharyngitis
3. Impetigo

Question 22

Name alfa-hemolytic organisms

Answer 22

1. Strep. Viridans

2. Strep. Pneumoniae

Question 23

What organism has a positive hippurate test?

Answer 23

Strep. agalactiae

Question 24

Hemolysis of strep agalactiae

Answer 24

Beta Hemolysis

Question 25

What valve is most commonly damaged by S. Viridans

Answer 25

Mitral valve

Question 26

What population is particularly susceptible to strep. Pneumoniae infections?

Answer 26

Sickle cell disease | Due to functional Asplenia and inability to clear encapsulated organisms

Question 27

When is a mother checked for colonization by strep. Agalactiae?

Answer 27

35 weeks

Question 28

Describe the appearance of Strep. Pneumoniae under the microscope

Answer 28

Lancet shaped diplococci

Question 29

What test distinguishes strep. Agalactiae from all other strep species?

Answer 29

CAMP test

Question 30

Name 2 unique characteristics of strep Viridans

Answer 30

1. Adheres to platelets | 2. Produces dextrans

Question 31

What type of infections are most commonly due to Strep. Pneumoniae?

Answer 31

``` MOPS Meningitis Otitis media Pneumonia Sinusitis ```

Question 32

Treatment (2): Strep. Pneumonia

Answer 32

Macrolide | Ceftriaxone

Question 33

Describe the pneumonia caused by strep. Pneumoniae

Answer 33

Lobar | Produces rust colored sputum

Question 34

Name 3 ways to differentiate Strep. Pneumoniae from Strep. Viridans

Answer 34

Strep. Pneumoniae. Strep. Viridans Has Capsule No capsule Optochin sensitive Optochin resistant Bile soluble Bile insoluble