Gram-positive bacteria

Question 1

whats Staphylococcus aureus look like and whats its virulence factors

Answer 1

its a gram positive cocci, forms clusters, does beta haemolysis on blood agar.
catalase positive
coagulase positive
Hospital and community acquired

Question 2

common infections caused by staphylococcus aureus

Answer 2

skin and wound infections, cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, acute endocarditis, pneumonia

Question 3

treatments for staphylococcus aureus

Answer 3

Flucloxacillin
if its methicillin resistant then its a vancomycin

Question 4

what does staphylococcus epidermidis look like and whats its virulence

Answer 4

gram positive cocci in clusters. catalase positive, coagulase negative. HAI

Question 5

what infections can staphylococcus epidermidis cause

Answer 5

biofilm-associated infections: IV lines, CVC, UTI, endocarditis

Question 6

what do we treat staphylococcus epidermidis with

Answer 6

theres a risk of flucloxacillin resistance in which can use vancomycin.
otherwise use flucloxacillin

Question 7

what does streptococcus pyogenes look like and whats its virulence factors

Answer 7

gram positive cocci in chains. catalse negative. beta haemolysis on a blood agar. bacitracin sensitive, group A streptococcus

Question 8

what things does streptococcus pyogenes cause

Answer 8

URTI - pharyngitis. Rheumatic fever, cellulitis, wound infection

Question 9

what do we treat streptococcus pyogenes with

Answer 9

penicillin, macrolides

Question 10

what does streptococcus agalactiae look like and its virulence factors

Answer 10

gram positive cocci in chains. catalase negative, beta haemolysis on blood. group B streptococcus

Question 11

what does streptococcus agalactiae cause

Answer 11

neonatal infections - pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis

Question 12

what do we treat streptococcus agalactiae with

Answer 12

penicillin +/- gentamicin

Question 13

what does streptococcus pneumoniae look like and its virulence factors

Answer 13

gram positive cocci in pairs - diplococci
alpha haemolysis on blood agar
catalase negative, optochin sensitive
bile soluble

Question 14

what does streptococcus pneumoniae cause

Answer 14

pneumonia obviously
meningitis in older people

Question 15

what are the treatment options for streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer 15

if penicillin-susceptible then use amoxicillin
if resistant use vancomycin, cephalosporins, macrolides, fluoroquinolones

Question 16

what does viridans streptococci look like and what virulence factors does it have

Answer 16

it has alpha haemolysis and is bile insoluble

Question 17

what does streptococcus virdidans cause

Answer 17

sub acute infective endocarditis

Question 18

what are the treatments for streptococcus viridans

Answer 18

penicillin +/- gentamicin