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MICROPARA LEC > GRAM POSITIVE BACILLI > Flashcards

GRAM POSITIVE BACILLI Flashcards

1
Q

Spore-forming Aerobe:

A

Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus cereus

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2
Q

Spore-forming Anaerobe:

A

Clostridium tetani
Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium difficile

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3
Q

Non-Spore-Forming

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Listeria monocytogenes

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4
Q

a life threatening infectious disease caused by bacillus anthracis that normally affects animals especially ruminants such as goats, cattle, sheep, and horses

A

Anthrax

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5
Q

3 Clinical Types of Anthrax

A

Cutaneous Anthrax
Pulmonary Anthrax
Intestinal Anthrax
Injection Anthrax

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6
Q

Most common form of Anthrax infection?

A

Cutaneous Anthrax

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7
Q

How long does cutaneous Anthrax infection develop after exposure?

A

1-7 days

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8
Q

Where does cutaneous Anthrax usually enter?

A

Cut or scrape through the skin

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9
Q

Usual sites of Cutaneous Anthrax:

A

face, neck, hands, arms, & back

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10
Q

Characteristic of Cutaneous Anthrax:

A

malignant pustule
congested and edematous
lesion filled with serum or yellow fluid
necrotic lesion (black eschar)

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11
Q

Anthrax = “?“

A

“coal”

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12
Q

Disease common in dock workers

  • “Porter’s Disease”
A

Cutaneous Anthrax

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13
Q

Untreated Cutaneous Anthrax may develop…:

A

fatal septicemia or meningitis

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14
Q

Cutaneous Anthrax lesion development:

A

Papule—Vesicle—Pustular—Centrally necrosed—Black coloration

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15
Q

Develops from inhalation of Anthrax spores (dust or filaments of wool from infected animals

Haematogenous Spread

A

Pulmonary Anthrax

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16
Q

“Wool Sorter’s Disease”

A

Pulmonary Anthrax

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17
Q

50% Meningitis

A

Pulmonary Anthrax; hemorrhagic meningitis

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18
Q

Most deadly form of disease
“Hemorrhagic Pneumonia”
Often fatal, even with treatment

A

Pulmonary Anthrax

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19
Q

Infection associated with ingestion of undercooked contaminated meat

A

Gastrointestinal Anthrax

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20
Q

Gastrointestinal Anthrax causes…:

A

Violent enteritis with bloody diarrhea

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21
Q

Gastrointestinal Anthrax if not treated early leads to ______, which is highly fatal

A

septicaemic anthrax

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22
Q

Symptoms may be similar to cutaneous anthrax

A

Injection Antrax

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23
Q

Infection deep under the skin or in the muscle where drug was injected

A

Injection Anthrax

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24
Q

Can spread throughout the body faster

Harder to recognize and treat

A

Injection Anthrax

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25
Q

Identify the spore forming aerobe disease based on the signs and symptoms

“A group of small blisters or bumps that may itch”

A

Cutaneous Anthrax

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26
Q

Identify the spore forming aerobe disease based on the signs and symptoms:

“Swelling can occur around the sore”

A

Cutaneous Anthrax

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27
Q

Identify the spore forming aerobe disease based on the signs and symptoms:

“A painless skin sore with black center that appears after small blisters or bumps.

Most often the store will be on the face, neck, arms, or hand”

A

Cutaneous Anthrax

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28
Q

Identify the spore forming aerobe disease based on the signs and symptoms:

“Flu-like symptoms for a few hours or days”

A

Inhalation Anthrax

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29
Q

Identify the spore forming aerobe disease based on the signs and symptoms:

“Mild chest discomfort”

A

Inhalation Anthrax

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30
Q

Identify the spore forming aerobe disease based on the signs and symptoms:

“Sore throat”

A

Inhalation Anthrax

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31
Q

Identify the spore forming aerobe disease based on the signs and symptoms:

“Fatigue & muscle aches”

A

Inhalation Anthrax

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32
Q

Identify the spore forming aerobe disease based on the signs and symptoms:

“Mild fever”

A

Inhalation Anthrax

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33
Q

Identify the spore forming aerobe disease based on the signs and symptoms:

“Fever”

A

Gastrointestinal Anthrax

34
Q

Identify the spore forming aerobe disease based on the signs and symptoms:

“Abdominal pain”

A

Gastrointestinal Anthrax

35
Q

Identify the spore forming aerobe disease based on the signs and symptoms:

“Constipation”

A

Gastrointestinal Anthrax

36
Q

Identify the spore forming aerobe disease based on the signs and symptoms:

“Diarrhea”

A

Gastrointestinal Anthrax

37
Q

Identify the spore forming aerobe disease based on the signs and symptoms:

“Lower gastrointestinal bleeding”

A

Gastrointestinal Anthrax

38
Q

Identify the spore forming aerobe disease based on the signs and symptoms:

“May have vomiting & hematemesis”

A

Gastrointestinal Anthrax

39
Q

Identify the spore forming aerobe disease based on the signs and symptoms:

“Fever & chills”

A

Injection Anthrax

40
Q

Identify the spore forming aerobe disease based on the signs and symptoms:

“A group of small blisters or bumps that may itch, appearing where the drug was injected”

A

Injection Anthrax

41
Q

Identify the spore forming aerobe disease based on the signs and symptoms:

” A painless skin sore with a black center that appears after blisters or bumps”

A

Injection Anthrax

42
Q

Identify the spore forming aerobe disease based on the signs and symptoms:

“Swelling around the sore”

A

Injection Anthrax

43
Q

Identify the spore forming aerobe disease based on the signs and symptoms:

“Abscesses deep under the skin or in the muscle where the drug was injected”

A

Injection Anthrax

44
Q

Characteristics of Bacillus Anthracis:

A

Gram Positive
Spore-forming
Aerobic
Non-motile
Rod-shaped w/ square ends and filamentous chain formation

45
Q

Vegetative forms of Bacillus Anthracis are destroyed at what temperature?

A

600° in 30 mins

46
Q

Bacillus anthracis is susceptible to many antibiotics like _____

A

Penicillin

47
Q

Important antigen of Bacillus anthracis?

A

Capsular antigen

48
Q

Other antigens of Bacillus anthracis:

A

Cell wall polysaccharide antigen
Somatic protein antigen

49
Q

Epidemiology of Bacillus anthracis:

A

Organism is widely distributed around the globe

Oblique Pathogen

Organism is able to persist in soil

50
Q

Bacillus anthracis MOT:

A

Can germinate, multiply, and produce toxin via ingestion, inhalation, and entry though skin abrasions or cuts

Insects — animals

Infected animals or their products — humans

51
Q

Bacillus anthracis Virulence Factor:

A
  1. Polypeptide capsule — antiphagocytic
  2. Anthrax toxin
52
Q

Multicomponent anthrax toxin:

A

Factor I - Edema factor
Factor II - Protective Factor
Factor III - Lethal Factor

53
Q

Bacillus anthracis Virulence Factor; Fill in the blank:

“Toxic binds with susceptible cells through ______”

A

Factor II

54
Q

Bacillus anthracis Virulence Factor; Fill in the blank:

“Enters the cell”

A

Factor I & III

55
Q

Bacillus anthracis Virulence Factor; Fill in the blank:

“Causes edema by raising cAMP levels”

A

Factor I

56
Q

Bacillus anthracis Virulence Factor; Fill in the blank:

“Kills the cell finally”

A

Factor III

57
Q

Bacillus anthracis Pathogenesis;
Fill in the blanks:

“The viruence factor of Bacillus anthracis largely depends on its two main toxins: ___ & ___”

A

Lethal Toxin & Edema Toxin

58
Q

Bacillus anthracis Laboratory Diagnosis; Identify:

Cutaneous Anthrax —
Pulmonary Anthrax —
Gastrointestinal Anthrax —
Septicaemic Anthrax —

A

Pus from pustules
Sputum
Stool/suspected food
Blood

59
Q

Bacillus anthracis Laboratory Diagnosis; Microscopy:

A

Gram Stain - bacilli Dem.
McFadyean’s Reaction - capsule Dem.
Spore Staining - spore Dem.

60
Q

Bacillus anthracis Culture characteristics:

A

Aerobe and facultative Aerobe
Temp Range: 12°c to 45°c
Media: Nutrient Agar, Blood Agar

61
Q

Bacillus anthracis Media Characteristics:

Nutrient Agar -
Blood Agar -

A

NA - colonies, 2-3 cm grey granular disc after 24 hours, “Medusa head” on LPO

BA - Usually non-haemolytic

62
Q

Bacillus anthracis Laboratory Diagnosis:

In gelatin stab….

A

Gelatin liquefaction max: inverted fir tree appearance, 7 days 20°c

63
Q

Bacillus anthracis Laboratory Diagnosis; Fill in the blanks:

ANIMAL INOCULATION

_________ are injected with specimens
Animal dies in ___ hours
Examine bacilli in blood of _________

A

Mouse/guinea pigs
48
dead animal

64
Q

Bacillus anthracis treatment:

A

Cutaneous Anthrax: penicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin

Pulmonary: medical emergency (antitoxins)

Vaccines exists:
Sterne vacc - animal
Alum precipitated atoxoid - human vacc; 3 doses at intervals of 6w & 6m, yearly booster

65
Q

Bacillus anthracis Prevention:

A

Anthrax vaccine; 5 doses over a period of 18 months

66
Q

Two antibiotics that could be used to prevent anthrax:

A

Ciprofloxacin and doxycycline

67
Q

Bacterium that causes “Fried Rice Syndrome”

A

Bacillus Cereus

68
Q

Bacillus cereus Characteristics:

A

Gram positive
Spore-forming
Rod-shaped
Motile
Facultative Aerobe or anaerobe
Beta hemolytic

69
Q

Bacillus cereus Epidemiology:

A

Widespread in nature
Isolated in soil and growing plants
Well adapted in the intestinal tract of insects and humans
Appears all year round without any particular geographic distribution

Important causes of food poisoning

70
Q

Bacillus cereus is an opportunistic pathogen that causes infections like:

A

Diarrhoeal syndrome
Emetic syndrome

71
Q

Bacillus cereus MOT:

A

Predominantly foodborne

72
Q

“Long Incubation” form of Bacillus cereus food poisoning

A

Diarrhoeal Syndrome

73
Q

Diarrhoeal Syndrome

Site of toxin production:
Incubation time:
Duration of Illness:
Infectious Dose:
Toxin tupe

A
  • Small intestine
  • 12-24 hours
  • 10^5 - 10^7 cfu
  • Protein: enterotoxins like: Hbl, Nhe, CytK
74
Q

Diarrhoeal Syndrome Symptoms:

A

Abdominal pain, watery diarrhoea, occasional nausea

75
Q

Diarrhoeal Syndrome: Foods most frequently implicated:

A

Proteinaceous foods; meat products, soups, vegetables, puddings, sauces, milk, milk products

76
Q

Bacillus cereus Vomiting form of disease

A

Emetic Syndrome

77
Q

Bacillus cereus :

Toxin production:
Incubation time:
Duration of Illness
Infectious dose:
Toxin type:

A
  • ingestion of food with pre-formed toxin
  • 0.5 - 6 hours
  • 6 - 24 hours
  • 10^5 - 10^8 cells/gram
  • Cyclic peptide, emetic acid — cereulide
78
Q

Bacillus cereus Symptoms:

A

Nausea, Vomiting, Malaise and few lethal cases due to liver damage

79
Q

_______ is resistant towards acidic conditions, heat and also to gastric acid (Emetic Syndrome)

A

Cereulide

80
Q

Emetic Syndrome: Foods most frequently implicated:

A

Starch-rich foods, fried and cooked rice, pasta, pastry and noodles

81
Q

Bacillus cereus Preservatives:
(Cell growth)

A

Sorbic acid, Benzoate, Sorbate, EDTA, Polyphosphates

82
Q

Bacillus cereus Preservatives:
(Spore germination and outgrowth)

A

Nisin (not sporicidal)

MICROPARA LEC (1 decks)

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