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BACTERIOLOGY: P1 (amorikat) > Gram Negative Cocci > Flashcards

Gram Negative Cocci Flashcards

1
Q

It is the leading cause of sexually transmitted disease

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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2
Q

It is found in urogenital tract, anorectal area, oropharynx, or conjunctiva

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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3
Q

Virulence factors of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

Pili

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4
Q

principal virulence factor, promotes attachment of organism to the mucous membrane, initiating infection

A

Pili

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5
Q

affects antibody formation, leukocyte response
and cell mediated immunity

A

Outer membrane proteins

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6
Q

source of endotoxin

A

Lipopolysaccharide

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7
Q

allows the organism to insert itself into the host cells

A

Protein I

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8
Q

allows organism to attach to neutrophils and epithelial cells and to resist the effects of antibodies

A

Protein II

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9
Q

bind to the columnar epithelial cells lining the urethra and cervix.

A

Pili and LOS

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10
Q

also bind to the columnar epithelial cells and then cause the cytoskeleton of the cell to engulf the bacteria bound to the surface of the host cell.

A

opacity associated proteins (Opa)

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11
Q

N. gonorrhoeae produces extracellular secretory________ that clip the Fc portion of the IgA molecules off but allows the Fab portions to remain bound to the bacterial cell surface. Thus, decorating the bacteria with host protein and preventing opsonization by phagocytes.

A

IgA proteases

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12
Q

Those bacteria that are phagocytized by the PMN’s are protected from intracellular killing by the bacterial ________. It prevents the fusion of the lysosome with the phagosome and allows the bacteria to, for a time, survive in the PMN.

A

PorB protein

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13
Q

It means a “flow of seed” and “brothel”

A

Gonorrhea

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14
Q

Acute pyogenic infection mainly of the mucous membranes of endocervix (females) and urethra (males)

A

Gonorrhea

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15
Q

Incubation period of Gonorrhea

A

2 to 7 days

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16
Q

Symptoms: purulent discharge, lower abdominal pain and dysuria (men); dysuria and vaginal bleeding (women)

A

Gonorrhea

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17
Q

Long term effects on female of gonorrhea

A

scarred fallopian tubes and uterus, ectopic pregnancy and sterility

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18
Q

Conjunctivitis acquired by newborns from gonococcus-infected mother during delivery

A

Ophthalmia neonatorum

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19
Q

All newborns with Ophthalmia neonatorum are prophylactically treated with________ –(or previously_______) or cream to prevent the infection from occurring

A

antibiotic drops
silver nitrate

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20
Q

Gonococcal infection that spreads to the blood

A

Disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI)

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21
Q

Septicemia characterized by hemorrhagic skin infections

A

Disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI)

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22
Q

Can cause endocarditis and gonococcal arthritis

A

Disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI)

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23
Q

This is discouraged because fatty acids are toxic to the bacterium

A

Cotton swab

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24
Q

Can be used for SPECIMEN COLLECTION AND HANDLING in Disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI)

A

Dacron rayon,
calcium alginate or
cotton swabs treated with charcoal

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25
Q

For Blood-borne dissemination of gonorrhea – the organism will not be recovered from routine blood cultures because it is inhibited by

A

SPS

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26
Q

Collect blood in evacuated tubes and must be transferred to the broth culture system within

A

1 hour of collection

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27
Q

should be kept at room temperature or placed at 37°C before plating

A

Body fluids

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28
Q

Use ________ before inoculation on culture media

A

transport medium

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29
Q

The direct gram stain of body fluids is best accomplished using a

A

cytocentrifuge

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30
Q

Intracellular gram-negative diplococci, kidney or coffee bean shaped is

A

Diagnostic for Neisseria

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31
Q

Diagnostic microscopy of Neisseria

A

Intracellular gram-negative diplococci,
kidney or coffee bean shaped

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32
Q

Specimens on swab should be inoculated or rolled onto media in a _______ and cross-streaked with a loop

A

Z pattern

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33
Q

Neisseria spp is incubated at _____ with ______ which can be achieved using candle jar, CO2 Bio-Bag System or Pouch System or CO2 incubators

A

35°C with 3-5% CO2

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34
Q

consists of a flat bottle with modified Thayer-Martin and a bottle under increased carbon dioxide

A

Transgrow bottles

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35
Q

consists of a flat plastic dish containing a medium selective for gonococci and a tablet that acts as a carbon dioxide generator

A

JEMBEC (John E. Martin Biological Environmental Chamber)

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36
Q

Colonies of Neisseria are typically ______ in color and_______

A

clear gray to medium gray
opaque

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37
Q

Is a chocolate agar with enrichment supplement and antibiotics

A

Thayer Martin Agar (TMA)

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38
Q

Antimicrobial agents of Thayer Martin Agar (TMA)

A

vancomycin, colistin, and nystatin (VCN)

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39
Q

Antimicrobial agents of Modified Thayer Martin Agar (MTM)

A

vancomycin, colistin, nystatin, and trimethoprim lactate (VCNT)

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40
Q

Antimicrobial agents of Martin Lewis Medium (ML)

A

vancomycin, colistin, anisomycin, trimethoprim lactate (VCAT)

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41
Q

Antimicrobial agents of New York City Medium (NYC)

A

vancomycin, colistin, trimethoprim and amphotericin (VCTA)

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42
Q

A transparent medium with lysed horse blood, horse plasma and yeast dialysate

A

New York City Medium (NYC)

43
Q

genital mycoplasma (Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma
urealyticum) will also grow on this agar

A

New York City Medium (NYC)

44
Q

Antimicrobial agents of GC-LECT Medium

A

vancomycin, colistin, trimethoprim, amphotericin, and lincomycin

45
Q

It is the standard method of identifying N. gonorrhoeae

A

CHO Utilization Test

46
Q

CHO Utilization Test detects acid production from

A

glucose, maltose, lactose, fructose, and sucrose

47
Q

Medium for CHO Utilization Test

A

Cystine Trypticase Agar (CTA) – 1% carbohydrate + phenol red

48
Q

Positive result for CHO Utilization Test

A

yellow color within 24 to 72 hours at 35°C

49
Q

N. gonorrhea ferments________ only

A

glucose

50
Q

Reagent: 1% tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride

A

Oxidase Test

51
Q

Positive result of Oxidase Test

A

purple color within 10 seconds

52
Q

Reagent: 20-30% H2O2

A

Superoxol Test

53
Q

Positive result of Superoxol Test

A

vigorous bubbling

54
Q

Most strains of N. gonorrhoeae are resistant to Penicillin therefore injectable_________ are commonly used

A

cephalosporins

55
Q

Treatment:

Single intramuscular of _______ and single dose of ________ for uncomplicated cases.

A

Ceftriaxone and Azithromycin

56
Q

Treatment:

for disseminated infections.

A

Ceftriaxone and Cefixim

57
Q

Treatment:

for Ophthalmia neonatorum

A

Ceftriaxone

58
Q

Treatment:

applied directly to the eye for Ophthalmia neonatorum

A

Routine prophylaxis of silver nitrate and erythromycin or tetracycline

59
Q

It is the causative agent of epidemic meningococcal meningitis/meningococcemia/cerebrospinal fever/spotted fever

A

Neisseria meningitidis

60
Q

It is the leading cause of fatal bacterial meningitis

A

Neisseria meningitidis

61
Q

Serogroups are based in the type of

A

capsular polysaccharide

62
Q

Serogroup of Neisseria meningitidis include

A

A, B, C, D, X, Y, Z, 29E, W135

63
Q

Incubation period of Neisseria meningitidis

A

1 to 14 days

64
Q

Virulence factors of Neisseria meningitidis:

promotes attachment

A

Pili

65
Q

Virulence factors of Neisseria meningitidis:

cases petechial formation and DIC

A

Endotoxin

66
Q

Virulence factors of Neisseria meningitidis:

enables organism to resist phagocytosis and enables them to cross the blood brain barrier, leading to meningitis

A

Capsule

67
Q

It refers to the presence of N. meningitidis in the blood and can occur as an acute or chronic form

A

Meningococcemia

68
Q

is characterized by recurrent episodes of meningococcemia, petechiae formation and eventual development of arthritis

A

Chronic meningococcemia

69
Q

causes the formation of petechial rash which are tiny hemorrhages into the skin which leads to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC, uncontrollable clotting of blood within the bloodstream)

A

Endotoxin

70
Q

Presence of Neisseria meningitidis in the central nervous system

A

Meningitis

71
Q

Signs and symptoms: frontal headache, stiff neck, fever (epidemic
meningitis in adults)

A

Meningitis

72
Q

remains the drug of choice for treatment of meningococcal
meningitis

A

Penicillin G

73
Q

Fulminant meningococcemia associated with bleeding in the adrenal glands

A

Waterhouse Friderichsen Syndrome

74
Q

to detect carriers, should be plated immediately to the JEMBEC system, or submitted on swabs placed in charcoal transport media

A

Nasopharyngeal swab

75
Q

Specimen for meningitis

A

CSF

76
Q

Specimen for meningococcemia

A

Blood

77
Q

Specimen for petechial rashes

A

Skin lesions

78
Q

Specimen for septic arthritis

A

Synovial fluid

79
Q

Intracellular or extracellular gram-negative diplococci with adjacent sides flattened

A

Neisseria meningitidis

80
Q

Nasopharyngeal swab may contain contaminants therefore a _____ must be used

A

selective plate (Modified Thayer Martin or Martin Lewis)

81
Q

Colonies are round, smooth, glistening and gray in color; encapsulated strains are mucoid

A

Neisseria meningitidis

82
Q

In CHO Utilization Test, Neisseria meningitidis ferments

A

glucose and maltose

83
Q

Oxidase Test: N. meningitidis is oxidase

A

positive

84
Q

Reagent: cephalosporin disk or cefinase nitrocefin disk

A

Beta Lactamase test/Cephalosporinase Test

85
Q

Positive result of Beta Lactamase test/Cephalosporinase Test

A

deep pink/red color

86
Q

Gamma-glutamyl aminopeptidase Test:

N. meningitidis

A

Positive

87
Q

the drug of choice for the treatment of meningococcal meningitis and septicemia.

A

Penicillin

88
Q

A single dose (500 mg) of_____ may be effective for the eradication of meningococcal carriage in adults

A

ciprofloxacin

89
Q

Patients in whom meningococcal disease is suspected should receive a high dose of this drug, which interferes with synthesis of cell wall mucopeptide during active multiplication, resulting in bactericidal activity against susceptible microorganisms

A

Penicillin G

90
Q

Can be mistaken as Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

91
Q

The most commonly isolated member of the genus Moraxella

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

92
Q

It is only isolated from humans; an opportunistic pathogen

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

93
Q

It causes upper respiratory tract infection

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

94
Q

It is the 3rd most common cause of otitis media and sinusitis in
children

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

95
Q

Is fastidious, encapsulated organism with pili (adhesins) and
nonmotile

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

96
Q

Microscopy:

Small intracellular gram-negative diplococci that tend to grow in pair end-to-end; with adjacent sides flattened

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

97
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis grows on

A

BAP at 22°C – nonhemolytic
nutrient agar at 35°C –nonpigmented, opaque, gray and smooth

98
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis is inhibited on gonococcal media by

A

colistin

99
Q

Colonies are smooth, opaque, gray to white with “hockey puck”
appearance

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

100
Q

48-hour colony maybe have elevated center, thinner wavelike periphery
“wagon wheels” appearance

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

101
Q

It does not utilize any sugar in CTA medium

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

102
Q

Asaccharolytic in CHO degradation test – lack oxidative metabolism

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

103
Q

Positive result of Butyrate Esterase Test

A

Blue color

104
Q

Specimen for Butyrate Esterase Test

A

eye or ear culture

BACTERIOLOGY: P1 (amorikat) (2 decks)

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