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PHD-2 Micro > Gram negative bacteria > Flashcards

Gram negative bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Gram negative cocci – Neisseria gonorhoea – ID

A

gram negative cocci

-grows on chocoalte agar and low O2 * think candlelight

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2
Q

Gram negative cocci – Neisseria gonorhoea – epi

A

STI

@ risk: sexually active, neonates

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3
Q

Gram negative cocci – Neisseria gonorhoea – pathogenesis

A

Endotoxin (LOS)

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4
Q

Gram negative cocci – Neisseria gonorhoea – clinical

A

cervicitis/urethritis
pharyngitis
proctitis
disseminated dz

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5
Q

Gram negative cocci – Neisseria gonorhoea – tx

A

ceftriaxone + Azithromycin

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6
Q

Gram negative cocci – Neisseria gonorhoea – prevention

A

barrier

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7
Q

Gram negative cocci – Neisseria meningitidis – ID

A

gram negative cocci

-grows on chocolate agar and low O2 (think candelight)

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8
Q

Gram negative cocci – Neisseria meningitidis – epi

A

college
military
“meningitis belt” Africa

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9
Q

Gram negative cocci – Neisseria meningitidis – pathogenesis

A

Endotoxin (LOS) –> activates TLR40 –> uncontrolled immune response –> septic shock via vasodilation, hypotension, shock

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10
Q

Gram negative cocci – Neisseria meningitidis – clinical

A
  • meningitis

- meningococcemia (DIC and petechiae –> necrosis and purpura)

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11
Q

Gram negative cocci – Neisseria meningitidis – tx

A

ceftriaxone

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12
Q

Gram negative cocci – Neisseria meningitidis – prevention

A
  • pre-exposure: vaccine, droplet mask

- post-exposure prophylaxis: ciprofloxacin, rifampin

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13
Q

Gram negative rod – E. coli – ID

A

gram negative rod

ferments lactose and glucose

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14
Q

Gram negative rod – E. coli – epi

A
  • lives in gut

- most common diseases: UTI, neonatal sepsis, “traveler’s diarrhea” - ETEC, STEC

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15
Q

Gram negative rod – E. coli – pathogenesis

A
  1. UTIs: pili bind urinary tract epithelium –> sticky and invasive
  2. systemic infxn –> cell wall LPS (endotoxin) –> fever, hypotension, DIC
  3. Enteric infxn –> enterotoxin mediated
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16
Q

Gram negative rod – E. coli – clinical

A
  1. UTIs
  2. systemic: sepsis, neonatal infxn
  3. gut: watery (ETEC)and bloody diarrhea (STEC)
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17
Q

Gram negative rod – E. coli – tx

A
  1. UTIs and systemic: antibiotics

2. gut: usually supportive

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18
Q

Gram negative rod – E. coli – prevention

A
  1. UTIs – remove catheters, prophylactic abx

2. gut: hand hygiene

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19
Q

Gram negative rod – Klebsiella – ID

A

gram negative rod

ferments lactose

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20
Q

Gram negative rod – Klebsiella – epi

A
  • lives in gut – causes infxn when it goes to the wrong place (ie lungs)
  • pts usually older, male, EtOH, diabetes, but anyone
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21
Q

Gram negative rod – Klebsiella – pathogenesis

A
  • antiphagocytic capsule

- person aspirates bacteria into GI

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22
Q

Gram negative rod – Klebsiella – clinical

A
  1. community acquired pneumonia (with productive cough of “red currant jelly”)
  2. UTI
23
Q

Gram negative rod – Klebsiella – tx

A

antibiotics

24
Q

Gram negative rod – Klebsiella – prevention

A

no vaccine

25
Q

gram negative rod – proteus mirabilis – ID

A

gram negative rod
NOT a lactose fermenter
-highly motile –> “swarming” overgrowth on blood agar

26
Q

gram negative rod – proteus mirabilis – epi

A

stones leading to recurrent UTIs

27
Q

gram negative rod – proteus mirabilis – pathogenesis

A

urease positive pathogenesis: proteus makes urease to hydrolyze urea into ammonia –> increase pH –> struvite stones “staghorn calculi” produced –> recurrent UTIs

28
Q

gram negatie rod – proteus mirabilis – clinical

A

UTIs

29
Q

gram negatie rod – proteus mirabilis – tx

A

antibiotics

30
Q

gram negatie rod – proteus mirabilis – prevention

A

no vaccine

31
Q

gram negative rod – pseudomonas aeruginosa – ID

A 
gram negative rod
NOT a lactose fermenter
Oxidase positive
green-blue pigment
fruity odor
32
Q

gram negative rod – pseudomonas aeruginosa – epi

A
  • lives in water (*think blue and green) especially in ICU

- @ risk: hospitalized pts, especially intubated, burn, cystic fibrosis, neutropenic pts

33
Q

gram negative rod – pseudomonas aeruginosa – pathogenesis

A

Endotoxin (LPS) primarily

Exotoxin A for tissue necrosis

34
Q

gram negative rod – pseudomonas aeruginosa – clinical

A

sepsis
pneumonia
wound infxn in burn patients
hot tub folliculitis

35
Q

gram negative rod – pseudomonas aeruginosa – tx

A

antibiotics

36
Q

gram negative rod – pseudomonas aeruginosa – prevention

A

keep WBC > 500, scrupulous care burn pts

37
Q

gram negative rod – Haemophilus influenzae – ID

A

small gram negative rod
NOT a lactose fermenter
grown on “chocolate agar”

38
Q

gram negative rod – Haemophilus influenzae – epi

A

enters via droplets and lives in respiratory tract

-most @ risk: 6mo-6yo

39
Q

gram negative rod – Haemophilus influenzae – pathogenesis

A

IgA protease degrades IgA
Antiphagocytic capsule
Endotoxin LPS

40
Q

gram negative rod – Haemophilus influenzae – clinical

A 
meningitis
otitis media
pneumonia
sinusitis
sepsis
**serious MOPSS
41
Q

gram negative rod – Haemophilus influenzae – tx

A

antibiotics

42
Q

gram negative rod – Haemophilus influenzae – prevention

A

conjugated type b vaccine to reduce meningitis by 90%

43
Q

gram negative rod – Bortadella pertussis – ID

A

gram negative rod

NOT a lactose fermenter

44
Q

gram negative rod – Bortadella pertussis – epi

A

highly contagious, droplet transmission

@rick: infants and young children

45
Q

gram negative rod – Bortadella pertussis – pathogenesis

A

Extoxin: ADP-ribosylation disables Gi protein –> overactivates adenylate cyclase leading to inc cAMP –> respiratory mucosal edema

46
Q

gram negative rod – Bortadella pertussis – clinical

A
  • inspiratory “whooping” caused by acute tracheobronchitis in kids, 1-4wks
  • adults can have 100 day cough w/o whooping
47
Q

gram negative rod – Bortadella pertussis – tx

A

antibiotics, supportive care

48
Q

gram negative rod – Bortadella pertussis – prevention

A

Acellular vaccine containing inactivated pertussin toxin, often combined with diphtheria and tetanus – DTap

49
Q

gram negative rod – Legionella – ID

A

gram negative rod
NOT a lactose fermenter
needs charcoal yeast agar

50
Q

gram negative rod – Legionella – epi

A

associated with air conditioners

-typically older, smoker, HIV, transplant IC pt

51
Q

gram negative rod – Legionella – pathogenesis

A

can replicate in free-living amoebas in water –> enters respiratory tract –> endotoxin (LPS)

52
Q

gram negative rod – Legionella – clinical

A

severe pneumonia + diarrhea

53
Q

gram negative rod – Legionella – tx

A

antibiotics

54
Q

gram negative rod – Legionella – prevention

A

no vaccine

PHD-2 Micro (2 decks)

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