gram - cocci and gram + rods

Question 1

Meningitis and Meningococcemia

Answer 1

Neisseria meningitidis (Meningococcus) diseases

Question 2

• gram - “kidney-bean” shaped diplocci with large polysaccharide capsule

Answer 2

Neisseria meningitidis (Meningococcus) characteristics

Question 3

• habitat is upper respiratory tract

- transmission is via respiratory droplets

Answer 3

Neisseria meningitidis (Meningococcus) habitat and transmission

Question 4

• gram stain and culture

Answer 4

Neisseria meningitidis (Meningococcus) lab dx

Question 5

• STD gonorrhea
• neonatal conjunctivitis
• pelvic inflammatory disease

Answer 5

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus) diseases

Question 6

• gram - kidney bean shaped intracellular diplococci

Answer 6

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus) characteristics

Question 7

• habitat is the human genital tract

- transmission is by sexual contact

Answer 7

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus) habitat and transmission

Question 8

• NAAT (nucleic acid amplification testing) from swabs/probes or urine are rapid and most often used as screening tool
• gram stain
• culture (on very special agar) is reserved for when antimicrobial sensitivity testing is needed

Answer 8

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus) lab dx

Question 9

tetanus

Answer 9

Clostridium tetani disease

Question 10

• anaerobic
• gram +
• spore-forming rod

Answer 10

Clostridium tetani characteristic

Question 11

• habitat is the soil

- organism and toxin transmitted in improperly preserved food

Answer 11

Clostridium tetani habitat and transmission

Question 12

primarily a clinical diagnosis - the organism is seldom isolated

Answer 12

Clostridium tetani lab dx

Question 13

botulism

Answer 13

Clostridium botulinum disease

Question 14

• anaerobic
• gram +
• spore forming rod

Answer 14

Clostridium botulinum characteristics

Question 15

• habitat is the soil

- organism and toxin transmitted in improperly preserved food

Answer 15

Clostridium botulinum habitat and transmission

Question 16

• presence of toxin in patient’s stool or serum

Answer 16

Clostridium botulinum lab dx

Question 17

pseudomembranous colitis (antibiotic associated)
*opportunistic infection*

Answer 17

Clostridium difficile disease

Question 18

Cause opportunistic infections

Answer 18

Clostridium difficile

Question 19

• anaerobic
• gram +
• spore forming rod

Answer 19

Clostridium difficile characteristics

Question 20

• habitat is human colon

- transmission is fecal-oral

Answer 20

Clostridium difficile habitat and transmission

Question 21

exotoxin is detected in stool samples via PCR assay

Answer 21

Clostridium difficile lab dx

Question 22

• gas gangrene (myonecrosis)

- food poisoning

Answer 22

Clostridium perfringens disease

Question 23

• anaerobic
• gram +
• spore forming rods

Answer 23

Clostridium perfringens characteristics

Question 24

soil and human colon

Answer 24

Clostridium perfringens habitat

Question 25

gram stain and anaerobic culture

Answer 25

Clostridium perfringens lab dx

Question 26

- meningitis | - sepsis in newborns and immunocompromised adults

Answer 26

Listeria monocytogenes disease

Question 27

aerobic, small gram + rods

Answer 27

Listeria monocytogenes characteristics

Question 28

widely distributed in nature, GI & genital tracts of humans

Answer 28

Listeria monocytogenes habitat

Question 29

gram stain and culture (blood and CSF)

Answer 29

Listeria monocytogenes lab dx

Question 30

anthrax (common in animals, rare in humans) which can be cutaneous, pulmonary, or GI form

Answer 30

Bacillus anthracis disease

Question 31

large spore-forming gram + rode | anthrax toxin

Answer 31

bacillus anthracis characteristics

Question 32

habitat is soil | humans most often infected cutaneously when in contact with infected animals or when spores are inhaled

Answer 32

bacillus anthracis habitat and transmission

Question 33

gram stain and culture | rise in ab titers is diagnostic

Answer 33

bacillus anthracis lab dx

Question 34

food poisoning from enterotoxins

Answer 34

Bacillus cereus disease

Question 35

spore-forming, gram + rod

Answer 35

Bacillus cereus characteristics

Question 36

grain, rice

Answer 36

Bacillus cereus habitat

Question 37

Not routinely done bc self limiting disease

Answer 37

Bacillus cereus lab dx

Question 38

causes diptheria via toxin and invasiveness

Answer 38

Corynebacterium diptheriae disease

Question 39

gram + rods with beaded appearance

Answer 39

Corynebacterium diptheriae characteristics

Question 40

Other Corynebacterium species (diptheroids) are members of normal flora (skin, upper respiratory tract); transmission is via respiratory droplets

Answer 40

Corynebacterium diptheriae habitat and transmission

Question 41

Gram stain and culture (throat swab) on special agar

Answer 41

Corynebacterium diptheriae lab dx