gradual visual loss

Question 1

Define cataract

Answer 1

condition in which the lens becomes progressively more opaque resulting in blurred vision

Question 2

Pathophysiology of cataracts

Answer 2

3-mechanisms

Age related

• Cells within lens reproduce, compact and opacify
• This process in called nuclear sclerosis

Abnormal changes

• UV exposure causes proteins floating in lens to denature –> opacity

Congenital

• Not sure why this happens

Question 3

Signs and sx of cataracts

Answer 3

Symptoms

• Generalised loss of fine detail
• Colour change
• Blurred vision
• Myopic shift

Signs

• Impaired red reflex
• Cloudy lens on opthalmoscopy may be impossible to visualise retina

Question 4

Treatment options for cataracts

Answer 4

Conservative

• New glasses
• Better lighting
• anti-glare sunglasses
• Magnifying lenses

Surgical (only curative option)

• Consider whether the person will be able to keep still and follow instructions
• Optional and comes w/ complications how vital is it to this patient? Do they need to drive?1`

Question 5

Types of cataract

Answer 5

• Nuclear sclerotic
  
  • All over haze
• Cortical
  
  • Bicycle spoke pattern
• Posterior capsular

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