Grade B

Question 1

Abdominal aortic aneurysm screening: men

Answer 1

The USPSTF recommends one-time screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm by ultrasonography in men ages 65 to 75 years who have ever smoked. B

Question 2

Alcohol misuse: screening and counseling

Answer 2

The USPSTF recommends that clinicians screen adults age 18 years or older for alcohol misuse and provide persons engaged in risky or hazardous drinking with brief behavioral counseling interventions to reduce alcohol misuse. B

Question 3

Aspirin preventive medication: adults aged 50 to 59 years with a ≥10% 10-year cardiovascular risk

Answer 3

The USPSTF recommends initiating low-dose aspirin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer in adults aged 50 to 59 years who have a 10% or greater 10-year cardiovascular risk, are not at increased risk for bleeding, have a life expectancy of at least 10 years, and are willing to take low-dose aspirin daily for at least 10 years. B

Question 4

BRCA risk assessment

and genetic counseling/testing

Answer 4

The USPSTF recommends that primary care providers screen women who have family members with breast, ovarian, tubal, or peritoneal cancer with one of several screening tools designed to identify a family history that may be associated with an increased risk for potentially harmful mutations in breast cancer susceptibility genes (BRCA1 or BRCA2). Women with positive screening results should receive genetic counseling and, if indicated after counseling, BRCA testing. B

Question 5

Breast cancer preventive medications

Answer 5

The USPSTF recommends that clinicians engage in shared, informed decisionmaking with women who are at increased risk for breast cancer about medications to reduce their risk. For women who are at increased risk for breast cancer and at low risk for adverse medication effects, clinicians should offer to prescribe risk-reducing medications, such as tamoxifen or raloxifene. B

Question 6

Breast cancer screening

Answer 6

Mammography every two years for women 50-75

Question 7

Breastfeeding interventions

Answer 7

The USPSTF recommends providing interventions during pregnancy and after birth to support breastfeeding. B

Question 8

Chlamydia screening: women

Answer 8

The USPSTF recommends screening for chlamydia in sexually active women age 24 years or younger and in older women who are at increased risk for infection. B

Question 9

Dental caries prevention: infants and children up to age 5 years

Answer 9

The USPSTF recommends the application of fluoride varnish to the primary teeth of all infants and children starting at the age of primary tooth eruption in primary care practices. The USPSTF recommends primary care clinicians prescribe oral fluoride supplementation starting at age 6 months for children whose water supply is fluoride deficient. B

Question 10

Depression screening: adolescents

Answer 10

The USPSTF recommends screening for major depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. Screening should be implemented with adequate systems in place to ensure accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, and appropriate follow-up. B

Question 11

Depression screening: adults

Answer 11

The USPSTF recommends screening for depression in the general adult population, including pregnant and postpartum women. Screening should be implemented with adequate systems in place to ensure accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, and appropriate follow-up. B

Question 12

Diabetes screening

Answer 12

The USPSTF recommends screening for abnormal blood glucose as part of cardiovascular risk assessment in adults aged 40 to 70 years who are overweight or obese. Clinicians should offer or refer patients with abnormal blood glucose to intensive behavioral counseling interventions to promote a healthful diet and physical activity. B

Question 13

Falls prevention in older adults: exercise or physical therapy

Answer 13

The USPSTF recommends exercise or physical therapy to prevent falls in community-dwelling adults age 65 years and older who are at increased risk for falls. B

Question 14

Falls prevention in older adults: vitamin D

Answer 14

The USPSTF recommends vitamin D supplementation to prevent falls in community-dwelling adults age 65 years and older who are at increased risk for falls. B

Question 15

Gestational diabetes mellitus screening

Answer 15

The USPSTF recommends screening for gestational diabetes mellitus in asymptomatic pregnant women after 24 weeks of gestation. B

Question 16

Gonorrhea screening: women

Answer 16

The USPSTF recommends screening for gonorrhea in sexually active women age 24 years or younger and in older women who are at increased risk for infection. B

Question 17

Healthy diet and physical activity counseling to prevent cardiovascular disease: adults with cardiovascular risk factors

Answer 17

The USPSTF recommends offering or referring adults who are overweight or obese and have additional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors to intensive behavioral counseling interventions to promote a healthful diet and physical activity for CVD prevention. B

Question 18

Hearing loss screening: newborns

Answer 18

The USPSTF recommends screening for hearing loss in all newborn infants. B

Question 19

Hepatitis B screening: nonpregnant adolescents and adults

Answer 19

The USPSTF recommends screening for hepatitis B virus infection in persons at high risk for infection. B

Question 20

Hepatitis C virus infection screening: adults

Answer 20

The USPSTF recommends screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in persons at high risk for infection. The USPSTF also recommends offering one-time screening for HCV infection to adults born between 1945 and 1965. B

Question 21

Intimate partner violence screening: women of childbearing age

Answer 21

The USPSTF recommends that clinicians screen women of childbearing age for intimate partner violence, such as domestic violence, and provide or refer women who screen positive to intervention services. This recommendation applies to women who do not have signs or symptoms of abuse. B

Question 22

Lung cancer screening

Answer 22

The USPSTF recommends annual screening for lung cancer with low-dose computed tomography in adults ages 55 to 80 years who have a 30 pack-year smoking history and currently smoke or have quit within the past 15 years. Screening should be discontinued once a person has not smoked for 15 years or develops a health problem that substantially limits life expectancy or the ability or willingness to have curative lung surgery. B

Question 23

Obesity screening and counseling: adults

Answer 23

The USPSTF recommends screening all adults for obesity. Clinicians should offer or refer patients with a body mass index of 30 kg/m2 or higher to intensive, multicomponent behavioral interventions. B

Question 24

Obesity screening: children and adolescents

Answer 24

The USPSTF recommends that clinicians screen for obesity in children and adolescents 6 years and older and offer or refer them to comprehensive, intensive behavioral interventions to promote improvements in weight status. B

Question 25

Osteoporosis screening: women

Answer 25

The USPSTF recommends screening for osteoporosis in women age 65 years and older and in younger women whose fracture risk is equal to or greater than that of a 65-year-old white woman who has no additional risk factors. B

Question 26

Phenylketonuria screening: newborns

Answer 26

The USPSTF recommends screening for phenylketonuria in newborns. B

Question 27

Preeclampsia prevention: aspirin

Answer 27

The USPSTF recommends the use of low-dose aspirin (81 mg/d) as preventive medication after 12 weeks of gestation in women who are at high risk for preeclampsia. B

Question 28

Preeclampsia: screening

Answer 28

The USPSTF recommends screening for preeclampsia in pregnant women with blood pressure measurements throughout pregnancy. B

Question 29

Rh incompatibility screening: 24–28 weeks’ gestation

Answer 29

The USPSTF recommends repeated Rh (D) antibody testing for all unsensitized Rh (D)-negative women at 24 to 28 weeks’ gestation, unless the biological father is known to be Rh (D)-negative.
B

Question 30

Sexually transmitted infections counseling

Answer 30

The USPSTF recommends intensive behavioral counseling for all sexually active adolescents and for adults who are at increased risk for sexually transmitted infections. B

Question 31

Skin cancer behavioral counseling

Answer 31

The USPSTF recommends counseling children, adolescents, and young adults ages 10 to 24 years who have fair skin about minimizing their exposure to ultraviolet radiation to reduce risk for skin cancer. B

Question 32

Statin preventive medication: adults ages 40–75 years with no history of CVD, 1 or more CVD risk factors, and a calculated 10-year CVD event risk of 10% or greater

Answer 32

The USPSTF recommends that adults without a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) (i.e., symptomatic coronary artery disease or ischemic stroke) use a low- to moderate-dose statin for the prevention of CVD events and mortality when all of the following criteria are met: 1) they are ages 40 to 75 years; 2) they have 1 or more CVD risk factors (i.e., dyslipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, or smoking); and 3) they have a calculated 10-year risk of a cardiovascular event of 10% or greater. Identification of dyslipidemia and calculation of 10-year CVD event risk requires universal lipids screening in adults ages 40 to 75 years. B

Question 33

Tobacco use interventions: children and adolescents

Answer 33

The USPSTF recommends that clinicians provide interventions, including education or brief counseling, to prevent initiation of tobacco use in school-aged children and adolescents. B

Question 34

Tuberculosis screening: adults

Answer 34

The USPSTF recommends screening for latent tuberculosis infection in populations at increased risk. B

Question 35

Visual acuity screening: children

Answer 35

The USPSTF recommends vision screening for all children at least once between the ages of 3 and 5 years, to detect the presence of amblyopia or its risk factors. B