Grade 9 Science Flashcards
Matter
Is anything that has mass and volume(takes up space), also made up of particles
Physical Property
A characteristics of a substance that can be determined without changing the composition of the substance
Example: Color,Texture, Flexibility, Clarity, Ductility, Color, Texture, Flexibility, Clarity, Ductility, Form, Amorphous, Lustre, Hardness, Physical state, Brittleness, Weight, Height, Length, Mass, Size, Volume, Melting point, Boiling point
Chemical Property
A characteristic of a substance that is determined when the composition of the substance is changed and one or more new substances are produced
Example: Combustibility, Dissolving, Reactions with acids, Solubility
Qualitative Property
a property of a substance that is not measured and does not have a numerical value, such as colour, odour, and texture
Example: Ductility, Form, Amorphous, Lustre, Hardness, Color, Texture, Flexibility, Clarity, Physical state, Brittleness
Quantitative Property
a property of a substance that is measured and has a numerical value, such as temperature, height, and mass
Example: Mass, Size, Volume, Melting point, Boiling point, Weight, Height, Length
Pure substances:
anything that consist of only 1 type of particles (atoms or molecules)
Example: tin, sulfur, diamond, water, pure sugar (sucrose), table salt (sodium chloride) and baking soda
Element
An element is a pure substance that is made from a single type of atom.
Example: Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen, Sodium, Potassium, Aluminium, Sulphur, Oxygen, Neon, Zinc, Copper, Iron, Mercury, Chlorine, Radium, Gold, Silver
Compound:
All of the same kind of molecule made up of different types of atoms.
Example: water, carbon dioxide
Mixture:
In chemistry, a mixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically combined.
Examples: Air, ice cubes in a drink, sand and water, and salt and oil.
Characteristic Physical property:
A physical property that is unique to the substance and can be used to identify the substance.
Example: freezing/melting point, boiling/condensing point, density, viscosity and solubility.
Homogeneous:
The different types of particles in a substance are distributed uniformly.
Heterogeneous:
The different types of ingredients in a substance are visible.
Mechanical mixture:
Is when two or more different materials are mixed together but are visible.
Example: sand and stones on a beach or milk in cereal in a bowl
Suspension:
A heterogeneous mixture in which solute-like particles settle out of a solvent-like phase sometime after their introduction.
Example: chalk and water, muddy water, the mixture of flour and water, a mixture of dust particles and air, fog, milk of magnesia
Atom:
Is the smallest component of an element, characterized by a sharing of the chemical properties of the element and a nucleus with neutrons, protons and electrons.
Molecule:
Molecules are made up of different atoms that are held together by chemical bonds
Solution:
Different molecules that look like the same substance; substance is clear/transparent
Example: Salt water, rubbing alcohol, and sugar dissolved in water
Colloid:
Different molecules that look like the same substance; substance is opaque
Example: whipped cream, mayonnaise, milk, butter, muddy water, plaster, colored glass, and paper.
Alloy:
A mixture of metal
Proton:
A subatomic particle that is energy, located in the nucleus of an atom and has a positive charge. Found by the atomic number
Neutron:
A subatomic particle that is considered energy, located in the nucleus of an atom that has a neutral charge. Found by subtracting mass number by the atomic number
Radioisotope:
A version of a chemical element that has an unstable nucleus and gives off radiation in the process of stable form.
Electron:
A subatomic particle that is considered energy, located on spherical shells called orbitals and they have a negative charge. Equal to the atomic number/ # of protons
Polyatomic Ions:
Ions that consist of more than one atom.
Ionic Compound:
Ionic Compound made between metals and non-metals. When an electron goes from one atom to the other atom.
Covalent Compound:
When two nonmetals share electrons in the valence shell.
Periodic Table:
Is a tabular display of the chemical elements, which are arranged by atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties. The inventor was Dmitri Mendeleev.
Group/Families:
The columns, called groups, contain elements with similar chemical behaviours.
Periods:
Rows are referred to as periods which identity the number of shells.
Atomic Number:
Indicates the number of protons in the nucleus
Atomic Mass:
The atomic mass is the mass of a single atom of the element.
Mass Number:
The number of protons and neutrons in the atom’s nucleus.
Isotope:
Is when the number of neutrons is different (that is, a greater or lesser atomic mass) than the standard for that element.
Ion:
A particle that is electrically charged (positive or negative); an atom or molecule or group that has lost or gained one or more electrons Hyponyms: anion, cation.
Valence Shell:
the outermost shell of an atom containing the valence electrons
Valence electrons:
The electrons located in the outermost (valence) shell of an atom
Cations:
A metal ion that carries a positive charge