Grade 9 Exam Geography Flashcards
Equator
0 degrees latitude that divides the earth into Northern and soulthern hemisphere
Tropic of cancer
Lines of latitude 23.5 degrees north or soulth of the equator
Prime meridian
Line of longitude at 0 degrees that divides the earth into the eastern and western hemisphere
Longitude
Measures the distance north snd soulth of the equator
Latitude
Measures the distance east or west from the equator
Western cordilla
High area with rocky mountains
Canadian sheild
Oldest area and has dense boreal forests, glacial lakes, and mineral rich
Canadian arctic
Very cold Temps, Tundra, low preciptarion
Interior plains
Flat fertile areas covered in ice and snow and stow with super harsh weather
Hudson Bay lowlands
Marshy wetlands, low population
St lawerence lowlands
High population, fertile soils
What are the 5 biomes of canada
Arctic, west coast, mountain, boreal, prairie
Weather
The state of the atmosphere at a given time and place
Climate
The long-term pattern of weather In a given area
Primary industry
Mining, fising, lumber
Secondary industry
Manufactering
Teritary
Service based, reatail
Quatenaery
Research and education based
Threshold population
The minimum number of people needed for a service to work
What are demographics?
Study of human population statistics
Precambrian
The early age of earth, when earth became a thing
Paelozic
Ancient life when the first animals apeared
Mesozoic
The age of reptiles as dinosaurs abd crocodiles ruled this era
Cenozoic
Recent life (right now)
What is the order of geologic eras?
Precambrian,Paleolithic,mezozic andcenozoic
What is a population pyramid
A bar graph showing gender statistics comparing all genders
What are tectonic plates
Massive slabs of rock made-up up of the earths lithosphere that can cause erosion and national disasters on earth
What is subduction?
When an oceanic plate runs into a continental plate and slides beneath it.
What are the 3 types of volcanoes
Cinder cone volcanoes, composite volcanoes, shield volcanoes
What is a caldera?
A bowl shipped depression at the top of the volcano after an eruption
What is permafrost
Any ground that remains completely frozen for at least two years straight.
What are the 3 main types of rocks
Sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic
What are igneous rocks
Rocks formed from magma
What are sedimentary rocks
Rocks formed from compaction
What are metamorphic rocks?
Rocks transformed from other rocks
Name five factors affecting climate
Wind, elevation, being near water, latitude and ocean currents
What is the pacific ring of fire?
Region surrounding the Pacific Ocean and the Pacific plate
What are the five types of settlement patterns?
Clustered,disperesed,peripheral,scattered,linear
What is a refugee?
A person leaving their home country to escape war or persecution
What is an enclave?
A cultural and social unit/ neighborhood inside a larger city or urban area and has a distinct cultural.
What are the structural layers of the earth
Crust, mantle, outer and inner
What are the 4 main types of settlements
Rural, compact,dispersed, and urban
What are the main livibillity factors
Access to freshwater, food, housing, health care, and education are the main ones
Names some energy sources
Fossil fuels, hydroelectric, nuclear,wind, solar and tidal
Climate change
Change in long-term weather heat and precipitation
What are greenhouse gases
Gases in the earths atmosphere that trap heat.
Green house examples
No2
Co2
Methane
Pfc
Hfc
What are the three main Fossil fuels
Coal, natural gas and oil
