Grade 9 English Flashcards
Drop the final, silent __ when adding a _____ beginning with a _____.
Drop the final, silent e when adding a suffix beginning with a vowel. ex. chase becomes chasing
A suffix is added when?
at the end of a word to form a derivative, e.g., -ation, -fy, -ing, -itis.
Keep the final, silent _ when adding a ______ beginning with a _______.
Keep the final, silent e when adding a suffix beginning with a consonant. ex. nice becomes nicely
When adding a suffix beginning with a vowel, ______ the _____ _________ of the ____ word if the word ends _________, _____, _________.
When adding a suffix beginning with a vowel, double the final consonant of the root word if the word ends consonant, vowel, consonant. ex. stop becomes stopping or stopped
Write I before E except after _ or when pronounced _ as in ________ and _____ (if short _ or long _ is the sound that is _____, write E ______ I as in _____ and in ______.)
C, A, neighbour and weigh, E or long I, right, before, their and in height
Change the following adjectives into comparative adjectives and superlative adjectives: tall & and peaceful
taller tallest
more peaceful most peaceful
Change the following adverbs into comparative adverbs and superlative adverbs: fast & and slow
faster fastest
more slowly most slowly
A comparative adjective pertains to…
the degree of the comparison of adjectives
A superlative adjective pertains to…
the highest degree of the comparison of adjectives
A comparative adverb pertains to…
the degree of the comparison of adverbs
A superlative adjective pertains to…
the highest degree of the comparison of adverbs
Define antonym
a word opposite in meaning to another.
Define synonym
a word having the same or nearly the same meaning as another
Define homophone
a word pronounced the same as another but differing in meaning
Find the subject.
Cotton-candy-flavoured potato chips never really caught on.
Several of us near the front of the roller coaster lost our lunch.
Shakespeare wrote many plays.
Cotton-candy-flavoured potato chips.
Several of us near the front of the roller coaster.
Shakespeare.
Find the predicate.
Cotton-candy-flavoured potato chips never really caught on.
Several of us near the front of the roller coaster lost our lunch.
Marissa is the girl over there with the great batting arm.
Shakespeare wrote many plays.
never really caught on.
lost our lunch.
is the girl over there with the great batting arm.
wrote many plays.
The ________ _________ includes all the words that state the action or condition of the subject, including a verb.
complete predicate.
The ________ _______ includes all the words that tell who or what the sentence is about, including a noun or pronoun.
complete subject.
The ______ _______ of a sentence is the main noun or pronoun the the complete subject.
simple subject.
The ______ _________ of a sentence is a verb within the complete predicate.
simple predicate.
A ________ _______ is made up of two or more simple subjects, usually joined together by and.
compound subject.
A ________ _________ is made up of two or more simple predicates, usually joined together by and.
compound predicate.
Find the compound subject.
My partner and I want to know the truth.
Jaffra’s wallet and car keys were stolen.
My fingers and toes are frozen solid.
My partner and I.
Jaffra’s wallet and car keys.
My fingers and toes.
Find the compound predicate.
The worldwide disappearance of frogs disturbs and worries me.
My brother asked my friend out on a date and forgot to show up.
The ice storm knocked down the power lines and left us in darkness.
disturbs and worries.
asked my friend out and forgot to show up.
knocked down the power lines and left us in darkness.
The ______ ______ tells who or what recieves the action of the verb.
direct object.
The direct object is a ____ or _______ that follows an action verb.
noun or pronoun.
Find the direct object.
Orsino makes an allusion to Actaeon when he says he was turned into a hart.
Have you seriously considered the offer?
He changes his mind about wanting to hear music.
allusion & he was turned into a hart.
the offer.
mind & music.
The _______ ______ is the noun or pronoun that tells to whom or from whom an action is done.
indirect object.
The indirect object is always placed between the ______ ____ and the ______ ______.
action verb and the direct object.
Find the indirect object.
You gave me your cold germs.
My friends bought me tickets to the concert for my b-day.
He flashed the attendant a smile on his way out.
me.
me.
the attendant.
A _______ __________ is noun, or pronoun, or adjective that comes after a linking verb, such as a form of the verb be (for example, am, is, are, was, or were).
subject complement.
The subject complement _______ or tells something about the _______.
renames.
subject.
Seem, feel, smell, sound, and look can sometimes function as _______ _____.
linking verbs.
Find the linking verb.
The sky was overcast.
My stomach felt very queasy after I ate that hot dog.
I could feel the grass tickling my chin.
was.
felt.
feel.
Find the subject complement.
It feels great to be finished my exam.
That musk cologne smells wonderful on you.
The prime minister has been a civil servant for a long time.
great & finished.
smells.
a civil servant.
A ______ is a group of related words that function together as a single element like a subject, verb, adjective or adverb.
phrase
Find the phrase.
The skylight in the bathroom is leaking.
Marlie and Declan were escorted from the movie theatre.
Running through the forest, Hiroshi got cut by branches.
in the bathroom (adjective)
were escorted (verb)
Running through the forest. (verb)
A ______ contains a subject and a predicate.
clause.
Find the clause.
We believed that a giant fish was lurking down there.
My eyebrows move up and down.
we believed/ a giant fish was lurking down there.
my eyebrows move.
An ___________ ______ can stand alone as a sentence.
independent clause.
A ___________ ______ has a subject and a predicate but cannot stand alone.
subordinate.
Find the independent clause.
Whenever I wiggle my ears, my eyebrows move.
My heart starts to beat faster when I think of her.
Raj was sorry that he had to go.
My eyebrow move.
My heart starts to beat faster.
Raj was sorry.
Find the subordinate clause.
Whenever I wiggle my ears, my eyebrows move.
My heart starts to beat faster when I think of her.
Raj was sorry that he had to go.
Whenever I wiggle my ears.
When I think of her.
That he had to go.
A ______ ________ expresses a complete thought, using one independent clause.
simple sentence.
A ________ ________ expresses a complete thought using at least two independent clauses joined by a co-ordinating conjunction.
compound sentence.
List the co-ordinating conjunctions in the acronym FANBOYS.
for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.
A _______ ________ expresses a complete thought using one independent clause and at least one subordinate clause.
complex sentence.
Which of the following sentences are simple, compound or complex?
1) While I was eating lunch, I spilled my soup.
2) The girl in the red shirt has a very interesting voice.
3) My toes were numb, and my fingers were aching.
4) I thought that Ms. Wickstead was in the hospital, but here she is.
5) Explain what you mean by that.
6) Before you drive to New Brunswick, check your route on the map.
7) English grammar is full of quirks, and although I enjoy it, it can be very frustrating.
8) Turn left at the corner, keep going straight, and turn right at the intersection.
1) complex
2) simple
3) compound
4) compound-complex
5) simple
6) complex
7) compound-complex
8) compound
A ____________________ ________ contains at least two independent clauses and at least one subordinate clause.
compound-complex sentence.
A ___________ _______ makes a statement.
declarative sentence.
An _____________ ________ asks a question, so it is followed by a question mark.
interrogative sentence.
An __________ _______ expresses a command or request.
imperative sentence.
An ___________ _______ expresses surprise or strong emotion.
exclamatory sentence.
Label the following as a declarative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory sentence.
1) Oops
2) Who let that thing in
3) Come here, snail
4) I’m making escargots
5) Do you think it’s listening
6) I think you should stop talking
7) Be quiet
8) No
1) exclamatory
2) interrogative
3) imperative
4) declarative
5) interrogative
6) declarative
7) imperative
8) exclamatory
A ________ ________ is not a complete sentence but is punctuated as one.
sentence fragment
Label these as full sentences or sentence fragments.
1) Considering the state of the government these days.
2) Don’t eat the glue!
3) Think about it before singing.
4) We get results.
5) To have and to hold.
1) fragment
2) sentence
3) fragment
4) sentence
5) fragment
A ______ ________ occurs when to or more independent clauses are joined together with out a co-ordinating conjunction or correct punctuation.
run-on sentence
Which is a run on sentence
1) The trip was terrible the car broke down twice and we had to have it towed.
2) The trip was terrible because the car broke down twice and we had to have it towed.
1)
A _____ ______ _____ occurs when two sentences are separated only by a comma
comma splice error
Identify the sentence with a comma splice error
1) The trip was terrible; the car broke down twice.
2) The trip was terrible, the car broke down twice.
2)
Fix the run on sentence.
The trip was terrible the car broke down twice.
a) The trip was terrible. The car broke down twice.
b) The trip was terrible; the car broke down twice.
c) The trip was terrible because the car broke down twice.
In the ______ _____ , the subject does the action.
active voice
In the _______ _____, the subject is acted upon. Should be avoided in writing.
passive voice
In the following sentences, which one is passive and which one is active.
1) The passengers tackled the hijacker.
2) The hijacker was tackled by the passengers.
1) active
2) passive
A _____________ _____ is a group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun.
ex: In the ground
prepositional phrase
Identify the prepositional phrase in each of the following sentences.
1) Remy and I spent the day in the mall.
2) Gasping, Finn leaned against the wall.
3) The ticket for the train expires next January.
1) in the mall
2) against the wall
3) next January
TIPS is an acronym for the main comma rules, what does it stand for.
Thought interrupters or unnecessary information
after Introductory words or phrases
before a coordinating conjunction which joins Principal clauses
seperate items in a Series of three or more
_______ does the verb, what the sentence is talking about,
subject
______ ______ follows an action verb asks What or Whom
direct object
_______ _______ receives the direct object
indirect object
______ __ ___ ___________ follows a preposition and ends a prepositional phrase
object of the preposition
_______ _________ follows a linking verb, describes the subject
subject complement
__________ indicate tense and go before other verbs
Auxiliary verbs
_________ modifies a noun or pronoun
adjective
______ modifies a verb, adjective, or another verb
adverb
Used in the place of a noun
pronoun
a word that has no grammatical place in a sentence
interjection
Hey! and Oh! are examples of this
interjection
Find the object of the preposition.
1) He saw Sebastian floating on a piece of debris.
2) When locked in the dungeon, Malvolio writes Olivia a letter.
3) He acts as a messenger of love.
1) Piece (on is the preposition)
2) Dungeon (in is the preposition)
3) Love (of is the preposition)
Central character
Protagonist
Antagonist
force against which the protagonist struggles
Plot
events in a story
Conflict
a struggle
Four kinds of conflict
person vs. person
person vs. self
person vs. nature
person vs. society
The most exciting moment in a story
Climax
Writing that is not poetry
Prose
Blank verse
poetry in unrhymed iambic pentameter
Rhyming couplet
two successive lines of poetry that rhyme
A series of similar consonant sounds
Alliteration
FEELING created by a literary work
mood
tone
author’s attitude towards their subject matter
Characterization
The methods by which a writer creates a character
The four kinds of characterization
what the character does, says and thinks.
what is said about the character
A speech directed to the audience that the on-stage character do not hear
Aside
A speech by a character alone on stage
soliloquy
A reference to Greek or Roman mythology
classical allusion
A direct comparison
metaphor
simile
a comparison using like or as
A feeling of sympathy generated towards a character
pathos
A name that suggests the person’s character
aptonym
Onomatopeia
imitative harmony (the sound a word makes imitates the sound it describes)
The attribution of human characteristics to gods, animals. humans or things
personification
a play on words
pun
Nemesis
retributive justice
the sin of too much pride
Hubris
Change from one state to another
Metamorphosis
Legend
A story of man that provides a role model for human behaviour
A story of the gods that explains a natural phenomenon
Myth
The idea or message
Theme
someone who sets off the main character of other characters by comparison
foil
Malapropism
Comic misuse of words
Epiphany
a sudden realization
Time and place
setting
Atmosphere
tone or mood of a place, situation, or work of art.
When a character says something that has one meaning for the characters on stage and another meaning for the audience
Dramatic Irony
Situational Irony
A discrepancy between the expected result and actual results
Foreshadowing
a hint as of what is to come
The perspective from which the story is told
Point of view
the 3 POVs
1st person (To Kill A Mockingbird)
3rd person limited (Harry Potter)
3rd person omniscient (Twelfth Night)
Imagery
words that appeal to the senses
Makes the audience uncertain or tense about the outcome of events
Suspense
Pathetic Fallacy
nature reflects the events in the human world (dark and stormy night in a horror film, grey rainy skies at funerals)
What is the 11 sentence paragraph format
Topic sentence, point+proof+explanation (X3), concluding sentence
Three Brothers (Olympians)
Zeus, Hades and Poseidon)
The twelve Olympians (technically 13)
Hestia Dionysus Athena Aphrodite Zeus Artemis Apollo Hera Poseidon Hades Demeter Ares Hephaestus
Hestia does what?
guard the hearth
An infinitive cannot be
A verb
Find the proper adjective
The number three frequently occurs in Greek mythology.
Greek
When do you use a colon
A colon instead of a semicolon may be used between independent clauses when the second sentence explains, illustrates, paraphrases, or expands on the first sentence.
Make Open into a present participle and Appear into a past participle
is opening has appeared
