Grade 7 Flashcards
Integer
Any number that does not contain either a fraction or a decimal.
Whole Numbers
Positive integers and zero
Negative Numbers
Any number less than zero
Prime Number
Any number that is only divisible by 1 and itself. Note: One is not a prime number
Digits
The numbers 0-9
Units digit
The digit in the ones place. Example: 351, 1 is the units place.
Consecutive Numbers
Any series of numbers listed in the order they appear on the number line.
Distinct Numbers
Numbers that are different from one another.
Divisible by
A number that can evenly be divided by another. EX: 12 is divisible by 1,2,3,4,6,12
Sum
The result of addition
Difference
The result of subtraction
Product
The result of multiplication
Quotient
The result of division
Remainder
The amount left over when dividing
Factor
Any numbers or symbol that can be multiplied together to form a product.
Absolute Value
Absolute value is the distance of a number from zero on a number line; shown by ||.
Example: |5| = 5; |−5| = 5
Acute Angle
An acute angle measures less than 90°.
Acute Triangle
n acute triangle is a triangle with all angles measuring less than 90°.
Addition Property of Equality
The Addition Property of Equality states that if you add the same number to both sides of an equation, the new equation will have the same solution.
Addition Property of Opposites
The property that states that the sum of a number and its opposite equals zero.
Example: 12 + (−12) = 0
Additive Inverse
The opposite of a number.
Example: The additive inverse of 6 is −6.
Adjacent Angles
Angles in the same plane that have a common vertex and a common side.
Algebraic Expression
An algebraic expression contains one or more variables and may contain operation symbols.
Algebraic Inequality
An algebraic inequality is an inequality that contains a variable.
Angle
An angle is formed by two rays with a common endpoint, called the vertex.
Arc
An arc is a part of a circle named by its endpoints.
Area
The area of a figure is the amount of surface it covers. Area is measured in square units.
A= L * W
Arithmetic sequence
When the terms of a sequence change by the same amount each time, the sequence is an arithmetic sequence.
Associative Property of Addition
The property that states that for all real numbers a, b, and c, the sum is always the same, regardless of their grouping:
a + b + c = (a + b) + c = a + (b + c).
Associative Property of Multiplication
The property that states that for all real numbers a, b, and c, their product is always the same, regardless of their grouping:
a ⋅ b ⋅ c = (a ⋅ b) ⋅ c = a ⋅ (b ⋅ c).
Asymmetrical
A figure has asymmetry when it is not identical on either side of a central line.
Axes
The two perpendicular lines of a coordinate plane that intersect at the origin.
Base (in numeration)
When a number is raised to a power, the number that is used as a factor is the base.
Base (three dimensional)
A base is a side of a polygon or three-dimensional figure by which the figure is measured or classified.
Center (of circle)
The center of a circle is the point from where the set of all points in a plane are the same distance.
Center (of rotation)
The center of a figure is the point about which it is rotated.
Central Angle
A central angle is an angle with its vertex at the center of a circle.
Chord
A chord is a line segment whose endpoints are any two points on a circle.
Circle
A circle is the set of all points in a plane that are the same distance from a given point, called the center.
Circumference
Circumference is the distance around a circle.
Coefficient
A coefficient is a number that is multiplied by a variable in an algebraic expression.
Example: 4 is the coefficient in the expression 4a + 2.
Combination
A combination is a grouping of objects or events in which the order does not matter.
Common Denominator
To compare unlike fractions without models, first rename the fractions so they have the same denominator. This denominator is called a common denominator.
Example: The common denominator of the following two fractions is 5.
1/5, 3/5
Commutative Property of Addition
The property that states that two or more numbers can be added in any order without changing the sum.
Example: 6 + 15 = 15 + 6
Commutative Property of Multiplication
The property that states that two or more numbers can be multiplied in any order without changing the product.
Example: 5 ⋅ 8 = 8 ⋅ 5
Compatible Numbers
Numbers that are close to the given numbers that make estimation or mental calculation easier.
Example: To estimate 4,126 + 5,894, use the compatible numbers 4,000 and 6,000: 4,000 + 6,000 = 10,000.
Complement
When you combine all the ways that an event can NOT happen, you have the complement of the event.
Complementary Angles
Two angles whose measures add to 90°.
Composite Number
A composite number is a number that is divisible by more than two numbers.
Compound Inequality
A combination of more than one inequality.
Example:
−6 ≤ x ≤ 10
Congruent
Having the same size and shape.
Constant
A constant is a quantity or value that does not change.
Constant of variation
Constant of variation is the constant k in a direct variation equation.
Convenience Sample
A convenience sample is a sampling of the most available subjects in the population to obtain quick results.
Conversion Factor
A conversion factor is a fraction whose numerator and denominator represent the same quantity but use different units; the fraction is equal to 1 because the numerator and denominator are equal.
Coordinate plane
A coordinate plane is formed by two number lines in a plane that intersect at right angles. The point of intersection is the zero on each number line..A coordinate plane is a plane that is divided into four regions by a horizontal line called the x-axis and a vertical line called the y-axis.
Coordinate
One of the numbers of an ordered pair that locate a point on a coordinate graph.
Example: The coordinates of point A are (1, 3).
Corresponding Angles
Matching angles of two or more polygons are called corresponding angles
Cross Product
For two ratios, the product of the numerator in one ratio and the denominator in the other is a cross product.
Cumulative Frequency
Cumulative frequency is the sum of successive data items.
Decimal
A base-10 place value system.
Degree
The unit measure for angles or temperature.
Dependent Events
Dependent events are events for which the outcome of the first event affects the outcome of the second event.
Diameter
A diameter is a line segment that passes through the center of a circle and has both endpoints on the circle.
Dilation
A dilation is a transformation that changes the size, but not the shape, of a figure.
Direct Variation
Direct variation is a relationship between two variables in which the data increase or decrease together at a constant rate.
Distributive Property
The property that states if you multiply a sum by a number, you will get the same result if you multiply each addend by that number and then add the products.
Example: 4(5 + 2) = 4 ⋅ 5 + 4 ⋅ 2
Division Property of Equality
The Division Property of Equality states that if you divide both sides of an equation by the same nonzero number, the new equation will have the same solution.
Equation
A mathematical sentence that shows that two expressions are equal.
Example:
x + 7 = 10
An equation is a mathematical statement that two quantities are equal.
Equilateral Triangle
An equilateral triangle has three congruent sides.
Equivalent Expressions
Equivalent expressions have the same value for all values of the variables.
Example: 4x + 5x and 9x are equivalent expressions.
Equivalent Fractions
Fractions that represent the same value are equivalent fractions. So 1/2, 2/4, and 4/8 are equivalent fractions.
Equivalent Rations
Equivalent ratios are ratios that name the same comparison. You can find an equivalent ratio by multiplying or dividing both terms of a ratio by the same number.
For example, 1/2 and 3/6 are equivalent ratios.
Estimate
An estimate is an answer that is close to the exact answer and is found by rounding, clustering, using front-end digits, compatible numbers, or another method; to find such an answer.
Evaluate
To find the value of a numerical or algebraic expression. Example: Evaluate 6x + 4 for x = 2 6x + 4 6 (2) + 4 12 + 4 16
Event
A set of one or more outcomes is an event.
Exponent
An exponent tells how many times a number (base) is used as a factor.
Factor
A number that is multiplied by another number to get a product.
Example:
7 is a factor of 21 since 7 ⋅ 3 = 21.
Factorial
A factorial is the product of all whole numbers except zero that are less than or equal to a number.
Formula
A rule showing relationships among quantities.
Example:
A = l w is the formula for the area of a rectangle.
Frequency table
A frequency table is a way to organize data into categories or groups. A table that lists items together according to the number of times, or frequency, that the items occur.
Function
A function is a rule that relates two quantities so that each input value corresponds exactly to one output value.
Fundamental Counting Principle
The Fundamental Counting Principle states that if one event has m possible outcomes and a second event has n possible outcomes after the first event has occurred, then there are m × n total possible outcomes for the two events.
Graph of an Equation
A graph of a set of ordered pairs that are solutions of the equation.
Geometric Sequence
In a geometric sequence, each term is multiplied by the same amount to get the next term in the sequence.
Greatest Common Factors
Factors shared by two or more whole numbers are called common factors. The largest of the common factors is called the greatest common factor, or GCF.
Example:
The GCF of 27 and 45 is 9.
Hypotenuse
The side opposite the right angle in a right triangle is called the hypotenuse.
Identity Property of One
The Identity Property of One is the property that states that the product of 1 and any number is that number.
Example:
3 ⋅ 1 = 3
1 ⋅ −9 = −9
Identity Property of Zero
The property that states that the sum of zero and any number is that number.
Example:
5 + 0 = 5
0 + −4 = −4
Image
An image is a figure resulting from a transformation.
improper fraction
Improper Fraction
An improper fraction is a fraction in which the numerator is greater than or equal to the denominator, such as 11/4.
independent events
Independent Events
Independent events are events for which the outcome of one event does not affect the probability of the other.
Indirect Measurement
indirect measurement Indirect measurement is a method of using proportions to find an unknown length or distance in similar figures.
Inequality
A mathematical sentence that shows the relationship between quantities that are not equivalent.
Example:
5 < 8
5x + 2 ≥ 12
An inequality states that two quantities either are not equal or may not be equal.
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Interest
Interest is the amount of money charged for borrowing or using money.
Interquartile range
An interquartile range is the difference between the upper and lower quartiles of a data set.
Intersecting Lines
Lines that cross at exactly one point.
Interval
The space between marked values on a number line or the scale of a graph.
Inverse Operation
Inverse operations are operations that undo each other: addition and subtraction, or multiplication and division.
Example:
Addition and subtraction are inverse operations:
5 + 3 = 8; 8 − 3 = 5
Multiplication and division are inverse operations:
2 ⋅ 3 = 6; 6 ÷ 3 = 2
Inverse variation
An inverse variation is a relationship in which one variable quantity increases as another variable quantity decreases.
Isolate variable
To get a variable alone on one side of an equation or inequality in order to solve the equation or the inequality.
Isosceles triangle
An isosceles triangle has at least two congruent sides.
Line symmetry
A figure with line symmetry can be folded or reflected so that the two parts of the figure match, or are congruent. The line of reflection is called the line of symmetry.
Line of reflection
In a reflection, the line the figure is flipped over is called the line of reflection.
Like terms
Two or more terms that have the same variable raised to the same power.
Example:
In the expression 3a + 5b + 12a, 3a and 12a are like terms.
Lateral face
The lateral faces of a prism are parallelograms that connect the bases.
Least Common Denominator (LCD)
The least common denominator (LCD) is the least common multiple of the denominators.
For example, the LCD of 3/4 and 5/6 is 12.
Least Common Multiple (LCM)
The smallest number that is a multiple of two or more numbers is the least common multiple (LCM).
For example, the LCM of 10 and 18 is 90.
Legs
The two sides that form the right angle in a right triangle are called legs.
Like Fractions
When fractions have the same denominator, they are called like fractions. For example, 5/12 and 7/12 are like fractions.
Linear Equation
A linear equation is an equation whose solutions form a straight line on a coordinate plane.
Example:
y = 2x + 1
Linear Function
A linear function is a function whose graph is a nonvertical line.
Lower Quartile
The lower quartile is the median of the lower half of a set of data; also called first quartile.
Mean
The mean is the sum of the data values divided by the number of data items.
Median
The median is the middle value of an odd number of data items arranged in order. For an even number of data items, the median is the mean of the two middle values.
Mode
The mode is the value or values that occur most often in a data set. When all the data values occur the same number of times, there is no mode.
Multiplication Property of Equality
The property that states that if you multiply both sides of an equation by the same number, the new equation will have the same solution.
Reciprocal
Two numbers are reciprocals if their product is 1.
For example, the reciprocal of 2/3 is 3/2.
