grade 7 Flashcards
nationality of Johann Sebastian Bach?
German composer
what does title sinfonia mean
(three-part invention) several distinct melodic lines of equal importance heard @ same time. BWV number identifies piece
what period is sinfonia in?
late baroque
features of period in sinfonia
(elaborate/complex)
-counterpoint/polyphony (2/3 voices simultaneously) -imitation b/w voices -ornamentation especially at cadence points -steady rhythmic pulse
what form is sinfonia in (2 main themes)
binary, AB
describe sections/key changes of sinfonia
A: 1-6, two voices B minor, 7-14, three voices D major 9 // B: 14-19, two voices D major (modulates to A maj/E min), 20-38, three voices B minor 24
main key of Sinfonia?
B minor
contemporaries of JS Bach in late Baroque period?
german Johann Pachelbel, Domenico Scarlatti, George Frideric Handel
When was the Baroque period?
c. 1600-1750
9-16 (1)
compound triple, three dotted quaver beats to a bar
trill (1)
ornament, rapid alternation b/w 2 adjacent notes, upper note in Baroque
bar 3 notes? (1)
demisemiquavers
leggiero bar 3 (1)
lightly
sopra bar 28 (1)
above (RH)
ritenuto bar 32 (1)
immediately slower
32 weird note (1)
appoggiatura, played on beat, 2/3 of value of dotted note
nationaity of Carl Phillip Emanuel Bach?
German composer, 2nd son
what does allegro title mean
fast and lively, sonata = composition several contrasting movements. CPE usually 3 (fsf) Wq
what period is allegro in?
early classical
features of period seen in Allegro
(light and elegant) -balance and symmetry -clearly articulated sounds (many detached notes/short slurs) -ornamentation particularly at cadence points -homophony (1 melodic line w/ simple chordal/broken chord accompaniments)
what form is allegro
Binary, AB (repeat signs)
describe sections/key changes of allegro
A1: 1-6. B minor (end dom chord), 7-12 trans, to D via Em 7-8, A2: 13-24, D major, Dm 19-20 // B1: 25-30 Dmajor, 31-36 trans E minor, to F#minor via Bminor 33-34, B2: 37-48, Bminor
main key of allegro
B minor
contemporaries of CPE Bach
Giovanni Battisa Pergolesi, Wilhelm Friedemann Bach, Christoph Willibald von Gluck
when was the classical period?
c. 1750 - 1810
b1 symbol upside down (2)
staccatissimo
weird s infinity shape (2)
turn
mezzo staccato (2)
moderately short and detached
piu (2)
more
nationality of Deodat de Severac?
French pianist and composer
36 ornament? (2)
can be played as a turn/turn + short trill
what does music box title mean
“a boite .. musique” musical box, full = “where we hear an old musical box”, reflective in music of usually treble, sweet&repetitive melodies/rhythms
what period is music box in
late Romantic
features of period seen in music box
(simplicity/innocence/nostalgia) -descriptive title = a character piece -tone colour (extensive use of both pedals) > musical box/memories w childhood -lilting Melodies // NOT -constant rhythmic pulse -restricted dynamic range -simple diatonic harmonies
what form is music box in?
ternary, ABA
describe sections/key changes of music box
A: 1-2 Bb major intro, 3-10 main//B: 11-26 episode, Dminor 16-19 descending C minor//A: 27-36, Bb major main
main key of music box?
Bb major
contemporaries of Severac in late Romantic
Isaac Albeniz, Claude Debussy, Serge Rachmaninoff, Maurice Ravel
when was the romantic period?
c. 1860-1920
12/8 (3)
four dotted crotchet beats in a bar (compound quadruple)
allegro assai quasi presto (3)
very fast, almost a presto tempo
sourdine 21 (3)
muted (use soft pedal) sans=without
pedale sempre simile 4 (3)
always pedal in similar manner to first three bars
weird note bar 16 (3)
acciaccatura (crushed note)
sforzando (3)
strong accemt
morendo 33 (3)
dying away (becoming softer and slower)
nationality of Debussy?
French composer
what does la fille title mean
the girl with the flaxen hair - scottish songs, collection of poems by french poet Leconte de Lisle, girl light brown hair cherry red lips in summer sun
what period is la fille in?
impressionist
features of period seen in la fille
-delicate/etherea; textures -fluid rhythms, sometimes gently syncopated -parallel movement of chords/intervals -use of soft dynamics
what form is la fille in
ternary, ABA
describe sections/key changes of la fille
A: 1-18, Gb major, IV-I chord progression 2-3 = key, V-I Eb major chord 6-7//B: 19-23 episode, Eb major 19-21, Gb major 22-23//A: 24-39, Gb major
main key of la fille?
Gb major
contemporaries of Debussy in impressionist period?
Gabriel Faure, Maurice Ravel, Isaac Albeniz, Edward MacDowell, Frederick Delius
when was the impressionist period?
c. 1890 - 1918
tres calme et document expressif (4)
very calm and sweetly expressive
sans rigueuer 1 (4)
without rigidity
cedez 11 (4)
yield/give way - becoming slower, // = end of cedez
mouvement 12 (4)
return to former speed
tres peu (4)
very little
un peu anime 19 (4)
a little livelier
sans lourdeur 24 (4)
without heaviness
trex doux 29 (4)
very sweetly
murmure et en retenant peu a peu 33 (4)
murmured, becoming slower little by little
perdendo 35 (4)
dying away
typical music of baroque period
ornate and elaborate - dance suites, tocattas, fugue, using harpsichord and clavicord and organ, also contata/oratorio = singing and opera
typical music of classical period
light, elegant and restrained - sonatas, rondos, variations, using fortepiano, and symphony orch and concertos of strings, woodwind, brass, percussion
typical music of romantic period
passionate and expressive w/ pedal - descriptive/character pieces, etudes, improptus, rhapsoides, nationalistic music(muzurka) using developing pianoforte and violin, more woodwind and cello & larger overall orchestra
typical music of impressionist period
delicate and misty - descriptive pieces, often w water images, free form pieces - nocturne (moon), arabesque (arabic), often vague lack of direction and uncommon whole tone scale using pianoforte Harp, Triangle, and Glockenspiel
influences of Johan Sebastian Bach, other works
-family of musicians, older brother Johan Christoph
-pachelbels famous canon early development (German baroque)
-organ playing of Dietrich Buxtehude
-js bach = organist at Muhlhausen,
1. court musician to Duke of Weimar (300 church cantatas),
2. post of Kapellmeister to a Prince leopold - 6 “brandenburg” concertos, book “well-tempered clavier” (24 preludes/fugues)
3. Thomaskantor at Church of St Thomas (“St Matthew Passion”, “goldberg variations” - harpsichord)
sinfonia book
“inventions and sinfonias”, 15 of each grouped by minor and major keys, intro to students playing counterpoint
influences of Carl Phillip Emanuel Bach, other works
-third son of JS Bach, trained him
-over 1000 works, range genres - symphonies, concertos, chamber music, 150 sonatas, choral work
1. court orchestra of 40 for King of Prussia, accompanying in King’s flute, published treatise (essay on the true art of playing keyboard instruments)
2. Kapellmeister at Hamburg, produced cantatas/oratorios/passion music. supervised performances of works of telemann, handel, haydn.
influences of Deodat de Severac, other works
-early lessons from painter father
-musical training w/ local church organist
1. Paris, student @ Schola Cantorum, friend = spanish composer Isaac Albeniz,
-wrote opera “le couer du moulin” (the heart of the mill), an organ suite, piano, melodies, “Nymphes au crepuscule (nymphs at dusk)”, music criticism jounals
2. organist in Ceret mediterranian village, embraced folk style, composed “Heliogabale”, three act opera including standard ochestral and native Catalan instruments
many works writing before war never completed
music box book
En Vacances (on holidays), collection of piano miniatures, imagery
influences of Claude Debussy, other works
-influened by Russian/Far Eastern music, learnt by Madame Maute who studied with Chopin
-influenced by Wagner, Russian Borodin, Mussorgsky
1. spent 11 years at 10yo in Paris Conservatoire under teachers
-wrote based on poetry and art opera “La Mer (1905)” J.M.W. Turner and Claude Monet.
-met Marie Vasnier, he wrote 27 songs for her duirng 7 year rship
2. Villa Medici place
-chamber music, completed 3/6 sonatas for various instruments, “sonata for cello and piano”, nocturnes “Moonlight” in suite bergamasuqe, orchestral works
la fille book
8th piece of the first book of Preludes, written for solo piano, bringing lyricism and warmth to the other darker songs of book
