Grade 6-8 Vocab FCAT 2.0 Flashcards
the rate at which velocity is changing. The change may involve an increase or decrease in speed and/or a change in direction. The change my be positive or negative
acceleration
any of two or more alternate forms of a gene that an organism may have for a particular trait
allele
the maximum absolute variation of any periodic function (e.g., a wave)
amplitude
a unit used to measure distances in the solar system equal to the average distance between the sun and earth, approximately 150 million kilometers and abbreviated AU
astronomical unit
an organism that can produce food from inorganic materials (carbon dioxide, sunlight ,water)
autotroph
an asexual reproductive process in which a single cell divides into two cells
binary fission
a system used to name organisms using two words: the genus name and the species name
binomial nomenclature
the temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas. The boiling point of water at sea level is 100 degrees c (212 degrees f)
boiling point
an asexual reproductive process in which an outgrowth of a parent organism detaches and forms a new individual of the same species
budding
characteristics of substances that describe their composition, reactivity, and how the substance changes into different substances
chemical properties
a factor or condition in a scientific experiment that is purposefully kept the same
controlled variable
the form of a trait that is expressed or shown when the combination of alleles for this trait is heterozygous
dominant
a celestial body similar to a planet but orbiting in a zone that has many other object in it (e.g., ceres, pluto)
dwarf planet
evidence based on observations or experiments rater than theory
empirical evidence
an organism whose cells contain a nucleus surrounded by a membrane
eukaryote
a cumulative change in the characteristics of organisms or populations over time from generation to generation
evolution
the first generation of offspring from the mating of parental organisms (p generation)
F1 generation
a crack in earth’s crust along which movement has occurred
fault
a bend in a layer or several layers of rock
fold
a type of mixture in which different parts can be easily distinguished
heterogeneous
an organism that cannot produce its own food
heterotroph
a cell or organism that has two different alleles for a particular trait
heterozygous
the tendency of a cell, organism, or population to maintain internal stability
homeostasis
a type of mixture in which the different parts a blended evenly so that the mixture is the same throughout
homogeneous
a type of cell or organism that has identical rather than different alleles for a particular trait
homozygous
a statement that can be tested scientifically through experiments and/or the scientific investigations
hypothesis
a process in which water soaks into the soil
infiltration
the highest linnaean classification into which organisms are grouped; above phylum
kingdom
a scientific principle based on many observations of naturally occurring events that demonstrate it to be without exception under certain stated conditions
law
the distance a ray of light travels in a vacuum in one year
light year
the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid. The melting point of ice at sea level is 0 degrees C. (32 degrees F0
melting point
a replica or description designed to show the workings or structure of an object or system
model
the smallest unit of matter of a substance that retains all the physical and chemical properties of that substance; consists of a single atom or group of atoms bonded together
molecule
a large cloudlike mass of gas and dust in space that may lead to the formation of a star
nebula
the sum of all the forces acting on an object. when forces are balanced, the net force is zero and the object’s motion will remain the same. When forces are unbalanced, the net force is nonzero and the object’s motion will change
net force
the unique position occupies by a particular species in terms of the area in inhabits and the function it performs with the community
niche
the center region of an atom where protons and neutrons are located; also the cell structure that contains a cell’s genetic material
nucleus
a term used to describe a material that absorbs and/or reflects light and does not allow light to pass through
opaque
a factor, usually being measured or observed, that responds to, or depends on, another factor
outcome variable (dependent variable)
the parentalj generation in a genetic cross
P generation
the movement of water through rock or soil
percolation
a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution based on a scale from zero to fourteen
pH
the force exerted per unit area
pressure
an organism whose cells are characterized by the lack of a defined nucleus
prokaryote
the form or a trait that will be masked unless the organism in homozygous for this trait
recessive
the growth of new tissues or organs to replace those lost or damaged by injury
regeneration
making multiple sets of measurements or observation in a scientific investigation
repetition
the reproduction of a scientific investigation by another person to ensure accuracy
replication
a condition of a solution whereby it has reached a maximum amount of solute under the given conditions
saturation
a substance that is being dissolved by another substance
solute
a substance that dissolves another substance
solvent
observations obtained by following a preplanned method of observations
systematic observations
a measure of how hot or cold substance is; a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance
temperature
an explanation for some naturally occurring event developed from extensive observations, experimentation, and reasoning
theory (scientific theory)
a term used to describe a material that cannot be clearly seen through but that allows some light to pass through it
translucent
a term used to describe a material that can be clearly seen through because it allows light waves to pass through in straight lines
transparent
