Grade 5 Science Flashcards
Describe what a cell membrane does
Surrounds the cell and holds it together
What is a nucleus?
The command center of the cell.
How are living things different from non living things?
Living things are made up of cells
What are mitochondria?
The cells’ power producers. They combine oxygen and food to produce energy
What is a theory
A hypothesis that has been confirmed through repeated tests
Why do cells have a limit as to how big or small they can be?
Too small= can’t hold all their parts
Too big= oxygen can’t reach it
What 2 main things do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?
Chloroplasts and stiff cell walls
What are branching cell?
Responsible for communicating signals between the brain and other parts of the body
What are flat cells?
Flat cells often overlap to cover surface, making it both strong and flexible. They line the surface of your stomach and mouth
What are round cells?
Red blood cells are rounded discs. They carry oxygen to all your cells
What are cilia and what do they do?
Wavy hair-like structures that sweep dirt and germs from airways
What is hair?
Dead tissue that helps hold warm air near your body
What are tissues?
A group of the same kind of cells working together doing the same job (muscle tissue, bone tissue, nerve tissue)
What are organs?
Grouping of different tissues, combined together to make a structure (heart, ears, skin, eyes, stomach)
How does a nerve cell’s shape and structure help it to do its job?
A nerve cell’s branching shape helps connect several parts of the body at the same time, its length helps it move signals out quickly
Describe the skeletal system.
Supports the body and protects organs
Describe the muscular system.
Move body parts
Describe the nervous system.
Controls muscles
What main muscle works without you telling it?
Heart
Why do muscles work in pairs to move a bone?
When one muscle pulls, the other relaxes
Name an example of a pair of muscles.
In your arm, the biceps bull and the triceps relax.
What body parts are included in the circulatory system?
Heart, blood, blood vessels
What is the purpose of the circulatory system?
Carry food and oxygen to each cell and take away waste
What function do read blood cells perform?
Carry oxygen to cells
What do white blood cells do?
Work to protect the body from germs and other harmful things
Name 3 types of blood cells.
Red blood cells, platelets, white blood cells
What do platelets do?
Form blood clots to stop bleeding
What do blood vessels do?
Carry very essential materials throughout your body
What are arteries?
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
What are capillaries?
Capillaries are the smallest kind of blood vessels in the blood that form a network between arterioles and venules
What are valves and what do they do?
Flaps that act like doors to keep blood flowing in one direction
What purpose do veins serve in your body?
They are blood vessels that take blood cells back to the heart
What does each side of the heart do?
Right- pumps blood to the lungs
Left- pumps blood through arteries to the body
What do slime molds and other decomposers do?
Eat waste and dead material to break materials down to help the soil
What does a fungus do?
Break down a log by using chemicals
How do herbivores get nitrogen?
From eating plants
What are 3 major sources of carbon dioxide?
Automobiles, power plants, volcanoes
Which 2 organisms provide oxygen for the atmosphere?
Green plants and plankton
What are the 5 parts of the respiratory system?
Sinus Trachea Bronchioles Bronchi Lung
What is a trachea?
A tube that carries air from the larynx to the lungs
Name 3 things that happen when you exhale.
Diaphragm moves up, rib cage is drawn in, lungs squeeze air out
Name 5 diseases of the respiratory system.
Common cold Influenza Pneumonia Tuberculosis Lung Cancer
What is mucus and what does it do?
A sticky wet fluid that traps dust and germs
How do the respiratory and circulatory systems work together?
They both get oxygen to the cells and remove carbon dioxide from the cell
What 2 things do your teeth do when you chew?
Cut and crush food
Why does the food you eat need to be changed for use by your cells?
The chemicals in food are too large to enter the blood, so digestion breaks down the chemicals into very small materials
What is an esophagus?
A tube that carries food to the stomach
What are 2 differences between the small and large intestines?
The small intestine has a smaller diameter
Digestion occurs in the small intestine but not in the large intestine
What does your stomach do?
Produces fluids that help digest foods
What is the purpose of the urinary system?
Get rid of the waste produced by cells
What do your kidneys do?
Filter and remove waste from your blood
Also put the right amount of water, nutrients, and salt back into the blood
What are the parts of the digestive system?
Mouth Esophagus Liver Stomach Pancreas Large Intestine Small Intestine
What is an ecosystem?
All the living and nonliving things in an area
What is a population?
A group of organisms of one species that live in the same area at the same time
What is a biome?
A large ecosystem with generally the same climate and organisms
Name 4 nonliving parts of an ecosystem.
Water
Soil
Sunlight
Temperature
What is a community?
All the populations in an area
Name 6 biomes.
Tropical rainforest Deciduous forest Grassland Desert Tundra Taiga
Give 4 descriptions of a tropical rainforest.
Warm all year round
Large amount of rainfall
More species than other biomes
Large population of plants
Name one difference between a swamp and an everglade.
Swamps are wetlands with trees and bushes
Everglades are wetlands with saw grass
What are 2 differences between river and wetland ecosystems?
Speed
Depth of water
What might happen to coral if a lot of nutrients were introduced into the water?
Coral enemies would multiply so coral could be harmed
Explain how bacterial that live near deep sea vents and green plants are similar.
They both produce food for other organisms
Why do corals live in shallow water?
It has to be shallow enough to let sunlight in
Where are estuaries found?
Where rivers flow into oceans
What is symbiosis?
A long term relationship between different species
What is the difference between symbiosis and competition?
Competition happens between members of same species
Symbiosis happens only between members of different species
Name 4 kinds of symbiosis.
One organism benefits/ other does not
Both organisms benefit
One organism is the host, other is the parasite. One organism might be harmed
Both parasites need each other to survive
Name 4 main things that can cause change in ecosystems.
Humans
Animals
Wind
Water
What do earthworms doe to change the environment?
Bring oxygen to plants’ roots and improve soil for plants
Name 4 ways people can change an ecosystem.
Build homes
Clear forest
Throw out garbage
Introduce new animals/ plants
Name 4 main things that could happen to organisms when there is change in the environment.
Some organisms move in
Some organisms move out
Some still survive and reproduce
Some die out
What is the difference between lout and soft sounds?
Loud sounds have more vibration, softer sounds have less energy
What affects the speed of sound?
The density of the material through which sound travels
What happens when sound waves hit a wall?
Some waves bounce back, called echo
What must happen in order for sound to be heard?
Energy must first cause and object to vibrate
As sound waves move, energy is transferred through eh air
Some energy must reach your year, where ear drum absorbs some energy
When sound waves reach a border between different materials, 3 things can happen. Name these 3 things.
Bounce back
Be absorbed
Pass into the second material
What does frequency mean when used with sound?
How fast particles are vibrating
What must happen for you to see an object?
The object must give off or reflect wavelengths of visible light
In addition to visible light, what types of electromagnetic radiation does the sun give off?
ultraviolet
infrared
x-ray
other radiation
How are light energy and sound energy alike?
Both travel at waves
Both have wavelengths and frequencies
Both can be reflected, absorbed, or passed through material
What is electromagnetic radiation?
A combination of electrical and magnetic energy
How is light energy unlike sound energy?
Sound is a vibration of particles.
Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation
Name 2 situations when light bends.
When it reflects off a surface
When it enters new material at an angle
How does light travel?
In a short line
What happens to light as it enters a prism or a new material at an angle?
It separates into different wavelengths
Name some types of electromagnetic radiation that have shorter wavelengths than those of visible light.
UV
x-ray
gamma
Name some types of electromagnetic radiation that have longer wavelengths than those of visible light.
Infrared
Microwaves
Radio waves
What is the relationship between the temperature of an object and the motion of its particles?
When matter gets warmer, kinetic energy of the atoms molecules that make it up increases
Most things that emit light also emit ___.
Heat
What is the difference between thermal energy and temperature?
Temperature is the measure of thermal energy
What is thermal energy?
The total of all kinetic and potential energy of the atoms in an object
What are 3 ways heat can be transferred from one object to another?
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Thermal energy flows from ___ to ___ substances.
warmer
cooler
What is conduction?
The transfer of heat between objects that are in contact (stove heating pan)
What is convection?
The transfer of heat by mass motion of a fluid such as air or water. When heated, the fluid moves away from the heat source, carrying energy with it (lava lamp)
What is radiation?
The transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves (sun warms green house)
What parts make up the solar system?
Sun 9 planets Moons Asteroids Comets
How does the sun’s gravity affect a planet’s motion?
Orbits become slightly elliptical
Why doesn’t Earth get too hot or too cold?
Earth turns quickly on its axis so it doesn’t get too cold or hot. Earth’s atmosphere spreads out warm and cool air
Why does the moon have extreme heat and extreme cold?
It has no atmosphere to spread out warm and cool air
Describe Mercury.
Core is 3/4 iron
Almost no atmosphere
Describe Venus
Closest planet to Earth
Thick cloudy atmosphere made of poisonous gases
Describe Earth
3rd planet from sun
Solid and rocky
Water and ice cover 3/4 of surface
Has atmosphere
Describe Mars
Thin atmosphere Mostly carbon dioxide Polar ice caps Reddish color Extinct volcanoes
Describe Jupiter
Largest planet
Many moons
Giant red spot (circular storm)
Describe Saturn
Ring of rock, dust, ice
Has most rings
Least dense planet
Describe Uranus
Blue green in color
Made of methane gas
Spins on its side
Describe Neptune
Deep blue gas planet
Huge circular storm
Describe Pluto
Small, rocky planet
Smallest and coldest
About the size of Earth’s moon
Which planets are solid?
Earth, Mercury, Mars, Venus, Pluto
Name the 4 gas planets.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
What is a comet?
A frozen mass of different types of ice and dust orbiting the sun
What changes occur to a comet during orbit?
Comets’ orbit becomes stretched out and elliptical. Forms a coma and tails when it gets close to the sun
What is an asteroid?
A rocky mass up to several hundred kilometers wide that revolves around the sun. They are called minor planets
What is the asteroid belt?
A region between Mars and Jupiter
What is the difference between a meteor and a meteorite?
Meteor forms when a meteoroid hits the Earth’s atmosphere.
Meteorite is a piece of meteor that lands on Earth
Why don’t more asteroids hit Earth?
Jupiter’s gravity hold most asteroids in the area beyond Mars
What creates craters on the Moon?
Rocks or comets that crash into its surface
Why do craters on the moon last millions of years?
There is no air or water to wear them away
What causes the phases of the Moon?
The combination of Earth’s movement and the moon’s orbit causes the repeating pattern of moon phases
What are the Moon phases?
The lit side we can see New Crescent First quarter Full
What object has the greatest effect on Earth’s tides?
The moon
Where does the extra water that makes up a high tide come from?
From the area that has a low tide
Describe 4 ways the Earth is different from the moon
Earth has air
Earth is larger
Earth has water
Earth has life
How does the moon’s gravity affect the Earth’s land, water, and atmosphere?
It causes the Earth’s land, water, and atmosphere to bulge slightly towards the moon
What are 3 types of motion?
Variable
Constant
Periodic
Describe variable motion
Objects can move in varied directions (car)
Describe constant motion
Object is always moving (Earth)
Describe periodic motion
Object only moves back and forth (pendulum, swing)
What is the scientific definition of a force?
A push or pull that acts on an object
Magnetism exerts magnetic force on objects made of…
Iron, cobalt, nickel, gadolinium
In what units is the magnitude of force measured?
Newtons
Forces have both ___ and ___.
magnitude
direction
What is the magnitude of a force?
How strong the force is
An object is electrically charged when…
It gains or loses electrons
What is friction?
The force that results when 2 materials rub against each other
Name 2 things that friction does to an object
Slow down the motion or prevent it from moving
What factors can affect the amount of friction between two objects?
Shape
Speed
Texture
What is the scientific definition of work?
Work is done when a force moves an object
What is the scientific definition of power?
The rate at which work is done
What is equilibrium?
When all the forces acting on an object balance each other
What is net force?
All forces acting on an object
What is Newton’s first law of motion?
An object at rest stays at rest, and an object that is in motion will continue in motion until a net force acts on that object
What is inertia?
The tendency of an object to resist change in motion
How is inertia influenced by mass?
Objects with greater mass have greater inertia
What is Newton’s second law of motion?
This law describes how acceleration, mass, and net force are related. The net forces acting on an object can change an object’s velocity (speed/direction) by causing it to speed up or slow down
What is a machine?
A device that changes the direction or the amount of force needed to do work
What is a complex machine?
A machine that uses 2 or more simple machines
