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National Board > Grade 5 Science > Flashcards

Grade 5 Science Flashcards

1
Q

Describe what a cell membrane does

A

Surrounds the cell and holds it together

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2
Q

What is a nucleus?

A

The command center of the cell.

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3
Q

How are living things different from non living things?

A

Living things are made up of cells

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4
Q

What are mitochondria?

A

The cells’ power producers. They combine oxygen and food to produce energy

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5
Q

What is a theory

A

A hypothesis that has been confirmed through repeated tests

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6
Q

Why do cells have a limit as to how big or small they can be?

A

Too small= can’t hold all their parts

Too big= oxygen can’t reach it

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7
Q

What 2 main things do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?

A

Chloroplasts and stiff cell walls

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8
Q

What are branching cell?

A

Responsible for communicating signals between the brain and other parts of the body

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9
Q

What are flat cells?

A

Flat cells often overlap to cover surface, making it both strong and flexible. They line the surface of your stomach and mouth

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10
Q

What are round cells?

A

Red blood cells are rounded discs. They carry oxygen to all your cells

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11
Q

What are cilia and what do they do?

A

Wavy hair-like structures that sweep dirt and germs from airways

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12
Q

What is hair?

A

Dead tissue that helps hold warm air near your body

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13
Q

What are tissues?

A

A group of the same kind of cells working together doing the same job (muscle tissue, bone tissue, nerve tissue)

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14
Q

What are organs?

A

Grouping of different tissues, combined together to make a structure (heart, ears, skin, eyes, stomach)

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15
Q

How does a nerve cell’s shape and structure help it to do its job?

A

A nerve cell’s branching shape helps connect several parts of the body at the same time, its length helps it move signals out quickly

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16
Q

Describe the skeletal system.

A

Supports the body and protects organs

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17
Q

Describe the muscular system.

A

Move body parts

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18
Q

Describe the nervous system.

A

Controls muscles

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19
Q

What main muscle works without you telling it?

A

Heart

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20
Q

Why do muscles work in pairs to move a bone?

A

When one muscle pulls, the other relaxes

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21
Q

Name an example of a pair of muscles.

A

In your arm, the biceps bull and the triceps relax.

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22
Q

What body parts are included in the circulatory system?

A

Heart, blood, blood vessels

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23
Q

What is the purpose of the circulatory system?

A

Carry food and oxygen to each cell and take away waste

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24
Q

What function do read blood cells perform?

A

Carry oxygen to cells

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25
Q

What do white blood cells do?

A

Work to protect the body from germs and other harmful things

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26
Q

Name 3 types of blood cells.

A

Red blood cells, platelets, white blood cells

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27
Q

What do platelets do?

A

Form blood clots to stop bleeding

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28
Q

What do blood vessels do?

A

Carry very essential materials throughout your body

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29
Q

What are arteries?

A

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

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30
Q

What are capillaries?

A

Capillaries are the smallest kind of blood vessels in the blood that form a network between arterioles and venules

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31
Q

What are valves and what do they do?

A

Flaps that act like doors to keep blood flowing in one direction

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32
Q

What purpose do veins serve in your body?

A

They are blood vessels that take blood cells back to the heart

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33
Q

What does each side of the heart do?

A

Right- pumps blood to the lungs

Left- pumps blood through arteries to the body

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34
Q

What do slime molds and other decomposers do?

A

Eat waste and dead material to break materials down to help the soil

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35
Q

What does a fungus do?

A

Break down a log by using chemicals

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36
Q

How do herbivores get nitrogen?

A

From eating plants

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37
Q

What are 3 major sources of carbon dioxide?

A

Automobiles, power plants, volcanoes

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38
Q

Which 2 organisms provide oxygen for the atmosphere?

A

Green plants and plankton

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39
Q

What are the 5 parts of the respiratory system?

A 
Sinus
Trachea
Bronchioles
Bronchi
Lung
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40
Q

What is a trachea?

A

A tube that carries air from the larynx to the lungs

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41
Q

Name 3 things that happen when you exhale.

A

Diaphragm moves up, rib cage is drawn in, lungs squeeze air out

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42
Q

Name 5 diseases of the respiratory system.

A 
Common cold
Influenza
Pneumonia
Tuberculosis
Lung Cancer
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43
Q

What is mucus and what does it do?

A

A sticky wet fluid that traps dust and germs

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44
Q

How do the respiratory and circulatory systems work together?

A

They both get oxygen to the cells and remove carbon dioxide from the cell

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45
Q

What 2 things do your teeth do when you chew?

A

Cut and crush food

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46
Q

Why does the food you eat need to be changed for use by your cells?

A

The chemicals in food are too large to enter the blood, so digestion breaks down the chemicals into very small materials

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47
Q

What is an esophagus?

A

A tube that carries food to the stomach

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48
Q

What are 2 differences between the small and large intestines?

A

The small intestine has a smaller diameter

Digestion occurs in the small intestine but not in the large intestine

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49
Q

What does your stomach do?

A

Produces fluids that help digest foods

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50
Q

What is the purpose of the urinary system?

A

Get rid of the waste produced by cells

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51
Q

What do your kidneys do?

A

Filter and remove waste from your blood

Also put the right amount of water, nutrients, and salt back into the blood

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52
Q

What are the parts of the digestive system?

A 
Mouth
Esophagus
Liver
Stomach
Pancreas
Large Intestine
Small Intestine
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53
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

All the living and nonliving things in an area

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54
Q

What is a population?

A

A group of organisms of one species that live in the same area at the same time

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55
Q

What is a biome?

A

A large ecosystem with generally the same climate and organisms

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56
Q

Name 4 nonliving parts of an ecosystem.

A

Water
Soil
Sunlight
Temperature

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57
Q

What is a community?

A

All the populations in an area

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58
Q

Name 6 biomes.

A 
Tropical rainforest
Deciduous forest
Grassland
Desert
Tundra
Taiga
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59
Q

Give 4 descriptions of a tropical rainforest.

A

Warm all year round
Large amount of rainfall
More species than other biomes
Large population of plants

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60
Q

Name one difference between a swamp and an everglade.

A

Swamps are wetlands with trees and bushes

Everglades are wetlands with saw grass

61
Q

What are 2 differences between river and wetland ecosystems?

A

Speed

Depth of water

62
Q

What might happen to coral if a lot of nutrients were introduced into the water?

A

Coral enemies would multiply so coral could be harmed

63
Q

Explain how bacterial that live near deep sea vents and green plants are similar.

A

They both produce food for other organisms

64
Q

Why do corals live in shallow water?

A

It has to be shallow enough to let sunlight in

65
Q

Where are estuaries found?

A

Where rivers flow into oceans

66
Q

What is symbiosis?

A

A long term relationship between different species

67
Q

What is the difference between symbiosis and competition?

A

Competition happens between members of same species

Symbiosis happens only between members of different species

68
Q

Name 4 kinds of symbiosis.

A

One organism benefits/ other does not
Both organisms benefit
One organism is the host, other is the parasite. One organism might be harmed
Both parasites need each other to survive

69
Q

Name 4 main things that can cause change in ecosystems.

A

Humans
Animals
Wind
Water

70
Q

What do earthworms doe to change the environment?

A

Bring oxygen to plants’ roots and improve soil for plants

71
Q

Name 4 ways people can change an ecosystem.

A

Build homes
Clear forest
Throw out garbage
Introduce new animals/ plants

72
Q

Name 4 main things that could happen to organisms when there is change in the environment.

A

Some organisms move in
Some organisms move out
Some still survive and reproduce
Some die out

73
Q

What is the difference between lout and soft sounds?

A

Loud sounds have more vibration, softer sounds have less energy

74
Q

What affects the speed of sound?

A

The density of the material through which sound travels

75
Q

What happens when sound waves hit a wall?

A

Some waves bounce back, called echo

76
Q

What must happen in order for sound to be heard?

A

Energy must first cause and object to vibrate
As sound waves move, energy is transferred through eh air
Some energy must reach your year, where ear drum absorbs some energy

77
Q

When sound waves reach a border between different materials, 3 things can happen. Name these 3 things.

A

Bounce back
Be absorbed
Pass into the second material

78
Q

What does frequency mean when used with sound?

A

How fast particles are vibrating

79
Q

What must happen for you to see an object?

A

The object must give off or reflect wavelengths of visible light

80
Q

In addition to visible light, what types of electromagnetic radiation does the sun give off?

A

ultraviolet
infrared
x-ray
other radiation

81
Q

How are light energy and sound energy alike?

A

Both travel at waves
Both have wavelengths and frequencies
Both can be reflected, absorbed, or passed through material

82
Q

What is electromagnetic radiation?

A

A combination of electrical and magnetic energy

83
Q

How is light energy unlike sound energy?

A

Sound is a vibration of particles.

Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation

84
Q

Name 2 situations when light bends.

A

When it reflects off a surface

When it enters new material at an angle

85
Q

How does light travel?

A

In a short line

86
Q

What happens to light as it enters a prism or a new material at an angle?

A

It separates into different wavelengths

87
Q

Name some types of electromagnetic radiation that have shorter wavelengths than those of visible light.

A

UV
x-ray
gamma

88
Q

Name some types of electromagnetic radiation that have longer wavelengths than those of visible light.

A

Infrared
Microwaves
Radio waves

89
Q

What is the relationship between the temperature of an object and the motion of its particles?

A

When matter gets warmer, kinetic energy of the atoms molecules that make it up increases

90
Q

Most things that emit light also emit ___.

A

Heat

91
Q

What is the difference between thermal energy and temperature?

A

Temperature is the measure of thermal energy

92
Q

What is thermal energy?

A

The total of all kinetic and potential energy of the atoms in an object

93
Q

What are 3 ways heat can be transferred from one object to another?

A

Conduction
Convection
Radiation

94
Q

Thermal energy flows from ___ to ___ substances.

A

warmer

cooler

95
Q

What is conduction?

A

The transfer of heat between objects that are in contact (stove heating pan)

96
Q

What is convection?

A

The transfer of heat by mass motion of a fluid such as air or water. When heated, the fluid moves away from the heat source, carrying energy with it (lava lamp)

97
Q

What is radiation?

A

The transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves (sun warms green house)

98
Q

What parts make up the solar system?

A 
Sun
9 planets
Moons
Asteroids
Comets
99
Q

How does the sun’s gravity affect a planet’s motion?

A

Orbits become slightly elliptical

100
Q

Why doesn’t Earth get too hot or too cold?

A

Earth turns quickly on its axis so it doesn’t get too cold or hot. Earth’s atmosphere spreads out warm and cool air

101
Q

Why does the moon have extreme heat and extreme cold?

A

It has no atmosphere to spread out warm and cool air

102
Q

Describe Mercury.

A

Core is 3/4 iron

Almost no atmosphere

103
Q

Describe Venus

A

Closest planet to Earth

Thick cloudy atmosphere made of poisonous gases

104
Q

Describe Earth

A

3rd planet from sun
Solid and rocky
Water and ice cover 3/4 of surface
Has atmosphere

105
Q

Describe Mars

A 
Thin atmosphere
Mostly carbon dioxide
Polar ice caps
Reddish color
Extinct volcanoes
106
Q

Describe Jupiter

A

Largest planet
Many moons
Giant red spot (circular storm)

107
Q

Describe Saturn

A

Ring of rock, dust, ice
Has most rings
Least dense planet

108
Q

Describe Uranus

A

Blue green in color
Made of methane gas
Spins on its side

109
Q

Describe Neptune

A

Deep blue gas planet

Huge circular storm

110
Q

Describe Pluto

A

Small, rocky planet
Smallest and coldest
About the size of Earth’s moon

111
Q

Which planets are solid?

A

Earth, Mercury, Mars, Venus, Pluto

112
Q

Name the 4 gas planets.

A

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

113
Q

What is a comet?

A

A frozen mass of different types of ice and dust orbiting the sun

114
Q

What changes occur to a comet during orbit?

A

Comets’ orbit becomes stretched out and elliptical. Forms a coma and tails when it gets close to the sun

115
Q

What is an asteroid?

A

A rocky mass up to several hundred kilometers wide that revolves around the sun. They are called minor planets

116
Q

What is the asteroid belt?

A

A region between Mars and Jupiter

117
Q

What is the difference between a meteor and a meteorite?

A

Meteor forms when a meteoroid hits the Earth’s atmosphere.

Meteorite is a piece of meteor that lands on Earth

118
Q

Why don’t more asteroids hit Earth?

A

Jupiter’s gravity hold most asteroids in the area beyond Mars

119
Q

What creates craters on the Moon?

A

Rocks or comets that crash into its surface

120
Q

Why do craters on the moon last millions of years?

A

There is no air or water to wear them away

121
Q

What causes the phases of the Moon?

A

The combination of Earth’s movement and the moon’s orbit causes the repeating pattern of moon phases

122
Q

What are the Moon phases?

A 
The lit side we can see
New
Crescent
First quarter
Full
123
Q

What object has the greatest effect on Earth’s tides?

A

The moon

124
Q

Where does the extra water that makes up a high tide come from?

A

From the area that has a low tide

125
Q

Describe 4 ways the Earth is different from the moon

A

Earth has air
Earth is larger
Earth has water
Earth has life

126
Q

How does the moon’s gravity affect the Earth’s land, water, and atmosphere?

A

It causes the Earth’s land, water, and atmosphere to bulge slightly towards the moon

127
Q

What are 3 types of motion?

A

Variable
Constant
Periodic

128
Q

Describe variable motion

A

Objects can move in varied directions (car)

129
Q

Describe constant motion

A

Object is always moving (Earth)

130
Q

Describe periodic motion

A

Object only moves back and forth (pendulum, swing)

131
Q

What is the scientific definition of a force?

A

A push or pull that acts on an object

132
Q

Magnetism exerts magnetic force on objects made of…

A

Iron, cobalt, nickel, gadolinium

133
Q

In what units is the magnitude of force measured?

A

Newtons

134
Q

Forces have both ___ and ___.

A

magnitude

direction

135
Q

What is the magnitude of a force?

A

How strong the force is

136
Q

An object is electrically charged when…

A

It gains or loses electrons

137
Q

What is friction?

A

The force that results when 2 materials rub against each other

138
Q

Name 2 things that friction does to an object

A

Slow down the motion or prevent it from moving

139
Q

What factors can affect the amount of friction between two objects?

A

Shape
Speed
Texture

140
Q

What is the scientific definition of work?

A

Work is done when a force moves an object

141
Q

What is the scientific definition of power?

A

The rate at which work is done

142
Q

What is equilibrium?

A

When all the forces acting on an object balance each other

143
Q

What is net force?

A

All forces acting on an object

144
Q

What is Newton’s first law of motion?

A

An object at rest stays at rest, and an object that is in motion will continue in motion until a net force acts on that object

145
Q

What is inertia?

A

The tendency of an object to resist change in motion

146
Q

How is inertia influenced by mass?

A

Objects with greater mass have greater inertia

147
Q

What is Newton’s second law of motion?

A

This law describes how acceleration, mass, and net force are related. The net forces acting on an object can change an object’s velocity (speed/direction) by causing it to speed up or slow down

148
Q

What is a machine?

A

A device that changes the direction or the amount of force needed to do work

149
Q

What is a complex machine?

A

A machine that uses 2 or more simple machines

National Board (2 decks)

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