Grade 4 Theory Flashcards

Italian words unless specified otherwise.

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1
Q

affettuoso

A

tenderly

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2
Q

affrettando

A

hurrying

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3
Q

amabile

A

aimable, pleasant

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4
Q

appassionato

A

with passion

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5
Q

calando

A

getting softer, dying away (and usually slowing down)

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6
Q

cantando

A

singing

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7
Q

come

A

as, similar to (come prima: as before; come sopra: as above)

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8
Q

facile

A

easy

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9
Q

fuoco

A

fire

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10
Q

giusto

A

proper, exact (tempo giusto: in strict time)

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11
Q

l’istesso

A

the same (l’istesso tempo: at the same speed)

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12
Q

morendo

A

dying away

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13
Q

niente

A

nothing

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14
Q

nobilmente

A

nobly

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15
Q

perdendosi

A

dying away

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16
Q

possible

A

possible (presto possible: as fast as possible)

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17
Q

quasi

A

as if, resembling

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18
Q

sonoro

A

resonant, with rich tone

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19
Q

sopra

A

above

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20
Q

sotto

A

below (sotto voce: in an undertone)

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21
Q

veloce

A

swift

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22
Q

voce

A

voice

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23
Q

à (French)

A

to, at

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24
Q

animé (French)

A

animated, lively

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25
Q

assez (French)

A

enough, sufficiently

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26
Q

avec (French)

A

with

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27
Q

cedez (French)

A

yield, relax the speed

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28
Q

douce (French)

A

sweet

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29
Q

en dehors (French)

A

prominent (a direction to make a melody stand out)

30
Q

et (French)

A

and

31
Q

légèrement (French)

A

light

32
Q

lent (French)

A

slow

33
Q

mais (French)

A

but

34
Q

moins (French)

A

less

35
Q

modéré (French)

A

at a moderate speed

36
Q

non (French)

A

not

37
Q

peu (French)

A

little

38
Q

plus (French)

A

more

39
Q

presser (French)

A

hurry (en pressant: hurrying on)

40
Q

ralentir (French)

A

slow down

41
Q

retenu (French)

A

held back (en retenant: holding back, slowing a little)

42
Q

sans (French)

A

without

43
Q

très (French)

A

very

44
Q

un, une (French)

A

one

45
Q

vif (French)

A

lively

46
Q

vite (French)

A

quick

47
Q

con sordini (or con sord.)

A

with mutes (for strings and brass)

48
Q

senza sordini (or senza sord.)

A

without mutes (for strings and brass)

49
Q

arco

A

play with the bow (a direction after pizzicato for strings)

50
Q

pizzicato

A

plucked (for strings)

51
Q

sul G

A

play on the G string

52
Q

sul ponticello

A

play on the bridge (for strings)

53
Q

una corda

A

press the left pedal (for piano; literally “one string”)

54
Q

tre corde

A

release the left pedal (for piano)

55
Q

mano

A

hand mano sinistra or m.s. = left hand mano destra or m.d. = right hand

56
Q

Name the instruments in the STRINGS section of the orchestra

A

violin viola cello double bass

57
Q

Name the instruments in the WOODWIND section of the orchestra

A

flute oboe clarinet bassoon

58
Q

Name the instruments in the BRASS section of the orchestra

A

horn trumpet trombone tuba

59
Q

Name the instruments in the PERCUSSION section of the orchestra

A

timpani (kettle drums) side drum bass drum cymbals (only the timpani produce notes of definite pitch)

60
Q

Name the instruments of the orchestra which use the TREBLE CLEF

A

violin flute oboe clarinet horn (sometimes bass clef) trumpet

61
Q

Name the instruments of the orchestra which use the ALTO CLEF

A

viola (sometimes treble clef)

62
Q

Name the instruments of the orchestra which use the BASS CLEF

A

cello (sometimes treble or tenor clef) double bass bassoon trombone (sometimes tenor clef) tuba timpani

63
Q

How many notes can stringed instruments play at a time?

A

two simultaneously, or even three or four

64
Q

How many notes can wind instruments play at a time?

A

one note at a time

65
Q

1st or 8th degree of a scale

A

Tonic

66
Q

2nd degree of a scale

A

Supertonic

67
Q

3rd degree of a scale

A

Mediant

68
Q

4th degree of a scale

A

Subdominant

69
Q

5th degree of a scale

A

Dominant

70
Q

6th degree of a scale

A

Submediant

71
Q

7th degree of a scale

A

Leading Note