Grade 4, term 1&2 Flashcards
What is a shell structure? Give an example
Something that is round and hollow, usually made of one continuous substance. Has a strong layer on the outside to hold itself up, e.g. sea shell, weavers nest
What is a frame structure? Give an example
Something that is made of rigid parts that are joined together. The parts make up a frame, e.g. struts forming a roof or bridge, bricks forming a wall
What are the 7 life process?
'Gary batted second, Matt fielded really excellently' growing moving feeding reproducing breathing excreting sensing
How do you draw scientific labelling?
- with a sharp pencil,
- in print,
- a blue margin down the right hand side
- labels written neatly against the blue margin
- use a ruler to draw lines
- lines cannot cut the diagram
- lines must be straight - vertical or horizontal
Name 4 types of animal shelters or habitats
grasslands
forests
rivers
sea
What is matter (or substance)?
is anything that is in a solid, liquid or gas
What are the properties of a solid (4 things)?
- Has a fixed shape
- Shape does not change easily
- Particles are close together
- Particles have little energy (slow moving particles)
e. g. brick, apple
What are the properties of a liquid (5 things)?
- Does not have a fixed shape
- Keeps the shape of the container
- Liquids flow
- Particles are not so close together
- Particles have energy, so they can move around
e. g. milk, water, oil
What are living and non-living organisms?
Living organisms can carry out the 7 life processes; non-living can’t
What are the properties of a gas (5 things)?
- Has no shape
- Fills the whole container
- Particles are far apart
- Particles have lots of energy
- Normally we can’t see or smell gases
e. g. air, steam
What is change of state?
A substance changes from one state of matter to another when it gains heat or loses heat
What is the definition of melting?
When a solid gains heat to become a liquid
What is the definition of evaporate?
When a liquid gains heat to become a gas
What is the definition of condense?
When a gas cools down to become a liquid
What is the definition of solidify?
When a liquid loses heat to become a solid
What are some of the things you can comment on when describing an animal (7 things)?
- size - large, medium or small
- shape
- number of limbs
- type of limbs (e.g. wings, legs)
- does it have a tail?
- how does the animal move (e.g. run, fly, slither, crawl)
- body covering (e.g. feathers, skin, hair, scales, fur)
What is the function of the roots?
holds the plant in the soil and absorb water and mineral salts
What is the function of the stem?
Keeps the plant upright and holds the leaves and flowers
What is the function of the leaves?
Use sunlight to make food for the plant - photosynthesis
What is the function of the flowers?
Often smell good and have bright colours to attract insects and birds - this helps the plant to reproduce
What is the function of the fruit?
Fruits form from the flower, seeds are found inside the fruit (fruit protects the seeds)
What is the function of the seeds?
Seeds grow into new plants
What 4 things do plants need to grow?
Water, sunlight, air (carbon dioxide) and warmth
What is the first shoot that a seedling grows called?
Plumule
What is the first root that a seedling grows called?
Radicle
Describe the grasslands. What animals would you find there?
These habitats have lots of types of grasses and few trees, as there is enough rainfall for grass but not for trees. Rainy season is in summer, winters are cold.
You would find animals who eat grass there - zebras, impala and buffalo. And you’d find animals who catch these grazing animals - e.g. lion
Describe the forests. What animals would you find there?
Forests have lots of tall trees and small plants like ferns. It rains all year round and temperatures here are mostly constant - not too hot or cold.
Smaller animals live in forests, such as bushbucks, birds, monkeys, bush pigs and duikers. They eat leaves, fruits and seeds. Monkeys and bush pigs also east insects, worms and lizards.
Predators are leopards and eagles
Describe the rivers. What animals would you find there?
Rivers have fresh water and the temperature doesn’t change much.
Animals that live in rivers are fish, tadpoles and water snails. Insects and ducks live above the water and find food in and around the water. Fish and hippos like to eat plants on river banks
Predators are crocodiles
Describe the seas. What animals would you find there?
Seas have salty water and the temperature does not change much.
Animals in the sea are fish, turtles, whales, seals and dolphins. They eat living things e.g. seals eat fish, sharks eat seals.
Sea is one of the biggest habitats
Give 4 reasons why animals need habitats
- a place to shelter
- a place to find food and water
- a safe place to have babies
- a place to escape from danger
Give some examples of natural shelters for animals
Spiders web, bee hive, meerkat burrow, weaver birds nest, tortoise shell
Give some examples of man made shelters for animals
Chicken coop, stable for horses, cattle kraal, hamster cage, sheep pen
What is the freezing point of water?
Zero degrees Celcius
What is the boiling point of water?
100 degrees Celcius
What is the difference between a physical and chemical change in a substance?
Physical change can be reversed e.g. water changes to ice and back to water. A chemical change can’t be reversed, e.g. milk that goes sour
Give a definition of the water cycle
The movement of water from the land and sea to the air and back again by the processes of evaporating, condensing, freezing and melting
In what order does the process happen in the water cycle?
- Evaporates from seas and rivers
- Water vapour condenses into liquid form (to make clouds)
- Wind blows the clouds
- Rains or snows back to earth
What are raw materials and manufactured materials?
Raw materials = natural things such as wood and clay, that are made into other things
Manufactured materials = materials or useful things made by people from natural or human-made materials e.g. ceramics, glass, plastic
How is glass made?
Sand is heated and melts into liquid form (it becomes malleable & can be shaped easily). When it cools, it becomes glass, useful for making light bulbs, cups and glasses
How are ceramics made?
Clay, a raw material, can be shaped into bricks, pots and mugs. It is fired in a hot oven called a kiln to make ceramics (e.g. baths, toilets). Ceramics are brittle and can break easily
Give the 5 properties of materials
- hard or soft
- stiff or flexible
- strong or weak
- light or heavy
- waterproof or absorbent
Give 3 ways to strengthen materials
- Folding
- Hollow pillars
- with struts
