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Grade 4 Natural Science > Grade 4 Natural Science T4 > Flashcards

Grade 4 Natural Science T4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Where do animals get their energy from?

A

From the food they eat

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2
Q

Key Words : Define the word FUEL

A

A substance that can be eaten or burned to produce energy

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3
Q

Key Words : Define the term STORED ENERGY

A

Energy that is stored IN something for example in food or fuel. It can be changed.

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4
Q

Key Words : Define the term INPUT ENERGY

A

The energy we need to “PUT IN” to start a fuel burning

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5
Q

Key Words : Define the term OUTPUT ENERGY

A

The energy such as heat and light energy, that is produced when a fuel burns

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6
Q

Where does our bodies get its energy?

A

From the food we eat

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7
Q

Where does energy come from?

A

It comes from fuel

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8
Q

Name the three kinds of energy?

A

HeatLightMovement

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9
Q

What kind of energy does a pile of logs have in it?

A

Store energy

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10
Q

Why is food sometimes called “Fuel for the Body”?

A

Because it contains stored energy

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11
Q

Name 6 kinds of fuel we use in our every day lives?

A

CoalNatural GasParaffinCandle WaxWoodPetrol

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12
Q

Name 2 kinds energy do we get from candles?

A

Light and Heat

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13
Q

True or False: Energy is stored IN the petrol

A

True

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14
Q

Where do cars get their energy from?

A

From Petrol

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15
Q

How does petrol make a car move?

A

The petrol is burned in the car’s engine. The heat energy makes the engine work which makes the car move.

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16
Q

Name 2 liquid fuels

A

Paraffin Petrol

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17
Q

Name 5 kinds of energy

A

Heat EnergyLight EnergySound EnergyElectrical energyKinetic (Movement) Energy

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18
Q

What kind of energy do you get if you rub your hands together?

A

Heat Energy

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19
Q

When a firecracker goes off what kinds of energy do you experience?

A

Sound EnergyLight Energy

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20
Q

When I run what kind of energy is that?

A

Kinetic energy

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21
Q

What kind of energy runs in a computer?

A

Electrical Energy

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22
Q

What kind of energy does a train have?

A

Kinetic Energy

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23
Q

What kind of energy can your eyes see?

A

Light energy

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24
Q

True or false: All foods contain the same amount of energy

A

False

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25
Q

Finish this sentence: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be……

A

Transferred from one form to another

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26
Q

How do we express the energy value of food?

A

In Calories of Kilojoules

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27
Q

What does the energy value of food tell us?

A

How much energy that food is worth to our bodies as fuel

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28
Q

If you are very active do you use more or less energy?

A

More

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29
Q

Complete this sentence: When we burn fuels we get…..

A

Output Energy

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30
Q

Start this sentence : …… ……. is needed to make fuels burn.

A

Input Energy

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31
Q

What energy does a referee use to stop a rugby match?

A

Sound Energy

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32
Q

What kind of energy does a hair dryer produce?

A

Heat Energy & Movement Energy

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33
Q

Key Words : Define the word EXTINGUISH

A

To put something out

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34
Q

Key Words : Define the word FIREFIGHTER

A

People who are trained to help put out uncontrolled fires

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35
Q

What do fuels need to set them alight?

A

Fuel need HEAT to set them alight

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36
Q

To keep burning, what do fuels need?

A

Heat and Oxygen

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37
Q

What is oxygen?

A

Oxygen is a gas in the air

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38
Q

What makes up the fire triangle?

A

Oxygen HeatFuel

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39
Q

What happens if a mountain fire has no more trees and vegetation to burn?

A

It will be extinguished

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40
Q

What happens if you remove any of the fire triangle from a fire?

A

The fire will go out - be extinguished

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41
Q

Using what you know about the fire triangle and energy transfer, explain what happens when you light a candle.

A

Step 1: A burning match (input energy) is brought near the candle wick.Step 2: The heat from the flame melts the wax Step 3: The wax turns into a gasStep 4: The gas mixes with the oxygen in the air to make a flame

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42
Q

What 3 things does a candle need to burn?

A
  1. Fuel (something to burn)2. Oxygen (found in the air)3. Input energy (something to start the burning)
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43
Q

What is a candle snuffer:

A

A small metal cup on the end of a long handle

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44
Q

How does a candle snuffer work?

A

It removes the oxygen

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45
Q

Why does a candle go out when you blow on it?

A

Because your breath is moving the gas and it has no fuel

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46
Q

Name the 3 ways that firefighters extinguish fires and explain why it works.

A
  1. Smother the fire - it removes the oxygen2. Put water on it - it removes the oxygen and removes the heat from it.3. Remove all the fuel - there is no fuel to carry on burning
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47
Q

Key Words : Define the word PREVENT

A

To keep something from happening

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48
Q

Here is a challenge…..Name the 9 things we can do to PREVENT fires?

A
  1. Don’t PLAY with matches or lighters2. Do not pour FUEL onto a burning fire3. Candles must be in sturdy HOLDERS4. Place FIREGUARDS in front of fireplaces5. Do not DRY CLOTHES on a heater 6. Never leave pots COOKING without an adult around7. If you suspect a gas leak turn it off and call help8 Do not use damaged ELECTRICAL appliances9. Always extinguish CAMPFIRES
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49
Q

What do you do if there is a fire in your house?

A

Get outside as soon as possible.

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50
Q

What do you do if there is smoke in the house?

A

Stay low on the ground, crawl away from the fire, get out and call the fire station.

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51
Q

Key Words : Define the word COMBUSTION

A

The process of burning

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52
Q

Key Words: Define the word FLAMMABLE

A

Able to burn easily

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53
Q

Key Words: Define the word SMOTHER

A

Cover it with something

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54
Q

Key Words: Define the word SUFFOCATING

A

To be unable to breath.

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55
Q

The cells in a battery have the ability to produce energy. What kind of reaction is happening in the battery for it to produce energy?

A

A Chemical reaction.(The chemicals in the cell react with each other)

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56
Q

Plastic is a good INSULATOR, why do we say this?

A

Plastic does not allow electricity to pass through

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57
Q

General knowledge: What is the name of the Nuclear power station in the Western Cape?

A

The Koeberg Nuclear Power Station

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58
Q

General knowledge: What fuel does Koeberg Nuclear Power Station use to create energy?

A

URANIUM is the fuel Koeberg Nuclear Power Station uses, because it has lots of stored energy.

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59
Q

How can we use wind to create energy?

A

Wind Turbines on a wind farm create energy from the wind. wind blows against the blades that makes them move to produce energy.

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60
Q

General knowledge: What number volt electricity does ESKOM supply to our homes?

A

240V

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61
Q

When wood is burnt what type of energy is released?

A

Heat energy - for warmth & cookingLight Energy - to see in the dark

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62
Q

The energy in ………………. makes cars able to move.

A

Petrol

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63
Q

What is the difference between renewable energy & non renewable energy?

A

Renewable energy can be replaced & non renewable energy can not?

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64
Q

What type of energy is wind energy?

A

Kinetic energy

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65
Q

What is the main source of heat energy for all living things?

A

The sun

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66
Q

What type of energy do we get from the sun, the moon, fire etc

A

Light energy

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67
Q

Is wood a renewable energy source?

A

yes it is because trees can be regrown

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68
Q

Is coal a renewable energy source?

A

No it is not because coal will eventually run out and can not be replaced.

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69
Q

What is potential energy?

A

This is when energy is stored and can be used later. eg a wound up elastic band, wind up a toy

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70
Q

Give 2 examples of light energy we find in our homes

A

TV, torches, I-pads, fire place, lights.

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71
Q

We use our ears to hear what kind of energy?

A

Sound energy

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72
Q

An elastic band can be stretched and when it is let go the energy is …………………….

A

An elastic band can be stretched and when it is let go the energy is RELEASED

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73
Q

What is Kinetic energy.

A

Kinetic energy is MOTION energy, movement.

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74
Q

I am playing with a YoYo, what kind of energy am I using?

A

A YoYo on a table has potential energy, and when you pick it up and play with it, it has Kinetic energy

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75
Q

Key Words:Orbit

A

The path of one object in spaceAround another such as the path of the Earth around the Sun

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76
Q

Key Words:Revolution

A

The movement of an object in spacearound another objectsuch as the movement of the Earth around the Sun

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77
Q

Key Words:Axis

A

An imaginary linepassing through the centre of an object

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78
Q

Key Words:Rotation

A

The movement of an object around itselfsuch as the movement of the Earth around its own axis

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79
Q

The Earth moves around the Sun in a pathway we call…

A

The Earth’s orbit

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80
Q

When an object moves around another object in space we call it….

A

A Revolution

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81
Q

In which direction does the Earth move around the Sun?

A

Anticlockwise direction

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82
Q

How many days does the Earth take to travel once around the Sun

A

365 days or 1 year

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83
Q

At what speed does the earth orbit the Sun?

A

108 000 km per hour or30km in one second

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84
Q

From where to where does the axis of the Earth go?

A

North to SouthNorthpole to Southpole

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85
Q

How long does the earth take to spin around on it’s own axis.

A

24 hours

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86
Q

How many times a day does the Earth take to spin around?

A

Once

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87
Q

Why don’t we feel the movement of the Earth’s rotation?

A

Because we are moving along with it.

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88
Q

In how many ways the does the earth move?

A

2 ways1. Revolves around the Sun2. Rotates around itself.

89
Q

Key Words:Crust

A

The hard rocky layer on the surface of Earth

90
Q

What is the surface of the Earth made of?

A

Rock & Soil

91
Q

What is under the sea?

A

Rocks The Earth’s crust

92
Q

How would you describe the oceans?

A

They are like big basins that have filled up with water.

93
Q

What will you always find under the soil and water on Earth?

A

Rock

94
Q

What are the four elements on which all life on Earth is dependent?

A

SoilAirWaterSunlight

95
Q

Explain how plants need the four elements?

A

Make their own food by using 1. Nutrients from the soil & water2. Carbon dioxide from the air & sunlight

96
Q

Explain how animals need the four elements?

A

Animals breathe in oxygen from the airDrink water to stay aliveGet energy from the food they eat.

97
Q

Do animals depend on the soil for survival?

A

Yes, because they eat the animals that eat the plants.

98
Q

Key Words:Topsoil

A

The layer of soilThat lies on the surface of the Earth

99
Q

Key Words:Decompose

A

Break down into smaller pieces

100
Q

Key Words:Fertile Soil

A

Soil in which plants can grow well

101
Q

Key Words:Subsoil

A

The layer of soilThat lies undertook the topsoil

102
Q

Name the four layers of a cross section of soil.

A
  1. Topsoil 2. Subsoil3. Pieces of rock & soil4. Solid rock
103
Q

How does topsoil form?

A

It forms as rocks break down into smaller and smaller pieces.

104
Q

What is so important about topsoil?

A

It is usually fertile and it is what plants grow in.

105
Q

How do the rocks break down to become soil?

A
  1. The chemicals in the water and air weaken and crumble the rock2. The roots of plants break open the rock
106
Q

What else is combined with the rocks to make topsoil?

A

Dead plants and animals.

107
Q

Give two other names for humus.

A

CompostTop soil

108
Q

What role can farmers play to preserve the topsoil?

A

The must farm in ways that cause as little erosion as possible.

109
Q

Out of these three, which will hold them most amount of water and the least amount of water?1. Clay2. Loam3. Sand

A
  1. Most = clay2. Least = Sand
110
Q

Key Words:Microscope

A

An instrument that makes small things appear much bigger

111
Q

Key Words:Coarse grains

A

Large soil grains

112
Q

Key Words:Fine grains

A

Very small soil grains

113
Q

Key Words:Soil grains

A

Small pieces of broken rock

114
Q

Key Words:Humus

A

Dark material in the soilmade of the fully decomposed remainsof plants and animals

115
Q

Key Words:Eroded soil

A

Soil that has been washed or blown away

116
Q

List the following types of soil in order from roughest to smoothest:SandClayLoam

A
  1. Sand2. Loam3. Clay
117
Q

What does clay feel like?

A

Smooth

118
Q

Why does clay feel smooth?

A

Because it is made up of very fine particles

119
Q

What is loam?

A

Equal parts clay - sand - other grains

120
Q

Why is humus important?

A

It provides lots of nutrients for the plants.

121
Q

Water and wind can cause the fertile soil to be removed. This process is called….

A

Erosion

122
Q

Soil can hold (1)…. and (2)…. between the space of its grains

A
  1. Air2. Water
123
Q

Water passes more easily through which kind of soil?

A

Sandy

124
Q

Does sandy soil have large or small grains?

A

Large

125
Q

What do we add to sand to make plants grow better?

A

Compost

126
Q

Why do plants like loamy soil?

A

Because loamy soil doesn’t get too wet or too dry.

127
Q

How do the dead leaves and plants get broken down?

A

By small animals like earth worms, termites, crickets and spiders moving around.

128
Q

Name one other way that small animals help the soil?

A

As they move aroundThey open small spaces for more and and water in the soil.This makes it easier for plants to grow.

129
Q

How do dead plants and animals decompose?

A

Very tiny organisms eat the dead plants and animals

130
Q

Why must farmers protect the soil?

A

Because it takes thousands of years for soil to form.

131
Q

How can topsoil be lost?

A

It can be washed away by waterBlown away by wind

132
Q

What do we call the process of topsoil being lost?

A

Erosion

133
Q

Why is loamy soil dark?

A

Because it has humus in it.

134
Q

What happens to clay when it gets wet?

A

It gets sticky

135
Q

Why is Loamy soil just right for plants?

A
  1. It holds the right amount of water2. Allows water to drain away3. Has lots of nutrients in it.
136
Q

True or false. The earth is a planet in the solar system.?

A

True

137
Q

Can you feel the earth movements. Give a reason for your answer?

A

We can not feel the earth movement. We are moving with the earth and the earth is moving around the sun and moving on its own axis at the same time.

138
Q

What does the word orbit mean.?

A

ORBIT: The PATH of one object in space around ANOTHER. example the parth of the planet earth moving around the sun.

139
Q

What does the word revolution mean in movement?

A

REVOLUTION: The MOVEMENT of an object in space around another object, such as the movement of the earth around the sun.

140
Q

What does the word AXIS mean?

A

AXIS is an imaginary line passing through the centre of an object.

141
Q

What does the word ROTATION mean?

A

ROTATION is the movement of an object around itself, such as the movement of the earth around its own axis.

142
Q

What is the movement of the sun around the earth called?

A

The movement of the sun around the earth is called a revolution

143
Q

How many days does it take for the earth to travel once around the sun

A

365 days

144
Q

What is the name of the pathway the earth moves around the sun in?

A

The pathway is called an orbit

145
Q

What direction does the earth rotate on its own axis

A

Earth rotates from west to east in an anticlockwise direction

146
Q

How long does it take for the earth to rotate on its axis

A

It takes about 24 hours for the earth to rotate once on its own axis

147
Q

How did SEDIMENTARY ROCK get it’s name?

A

The latin word for SIT is “SEDERE”

148
Q

Name 3 different types of SEDIMENTARY ROCK, what are they?

A
  1. SHALE2. SANDSTONE3. LIMESTONE
149
Q

What is SHALE?

A

SHALE is a kind of SEDIMENTARY ROCK made from CLAY / MUD

150
Q

What is SANDSTONE?

A

SANDSTONE is a kind of SEDIMENTARY ROCK made from SAND

151
Q

What is LIMESTONE?

A

LIMESTONE is a kind of SEDIMENTARY ROCK made fro shells, bones & tiny sea animals

152
Q

How is SEDIMENTARY ROCK formed?

A

SEDIMENTARY ROCK is formed when sediments are deposited in layers & harden

153
Q

What does the word DEPOSIT mean?

A

DEPOSIT: to drop in place

154
Q

What does the word SEDIMENT mean?

A

SEDIMENT: soil and pieces of broken rock deposited by river or wind

155
Q

What does the word COMPACT mean?

A

COMPACT: press together tightly

156
Q

SEDIMENTS are made of broken rock, how do these rock break down (2)

A
  1. Chemicals in the air & water2. Plant roots grow in the cracks
157
Q

How do grains of rock [mud & sand] move? (2)

A

They are moved by wind & water

158
Q

Explain how a grain of sand would move from the mountain to the sea.

A

The grain of sand would be swept up by the wind in a dust storm. When the wind slows down the sand is DEPOSITED in low lying areas. (sandunes)The dust can also be deposited in river and be washed down to the river mouth, slowing down at high lying areas in the river bed. Sometime blocking the river mouth. SEDIMENTS block the river mouth.

159
Q

True or false:Water & wind deposit SEDIMENTS in the same places over & over again.

A

TRUE:New layers of SEDIMENTS are DEPOSITED on top of existing layers, these layers build up over millions of years.

160
Q

What do we mean when we say that the LAYERS OF SEDIMENT have become COMPACT?

A

the top layers of sediment are loose, but the weight of all the layers pushing down, COMPACT the lower layers of SEDIMENT.

161
Q

Uses for SEDIMENTARY ROCKS:what is LIMESTONE used for in everyday use?

A

LIMESTONE used to make CEMENTThey also add a small amount of CLAY

162
Q

Uses for SEDIMENTARY ROCKS:what is SANDSTONE & SHALE used for in everyday use?

A

SANDSTONE & SHALE used for BUILDING BLOCKS, in their natural form. (cut tiles, wall cladding)SHALE can be ground up to make clay and re-shaped into bricks. (paving)

163
Q

What is the main difference between SANDSTONE & SHALE?

A

Sandstone is made from sand and is layered & you can see the grains of sandShale is made from mud and the grains of mud are fine and can not bee seen

164
Q

How are SEDIMENTS formed?place in the correct order;A) layers of mud & sand build up on top of each otherB) sand & mud are washed or blown awayC) sediments are compact and become harderD) rock break into smaller piecesE) mud and sand are deposited when the river or wind stops or slows down

A

D) rock break into smaller piecesB) sand & mud are washed or blown awayE) mud and sand are deposited when the river or wind stops or slows downA) layers of mud & sand build up on top of each otherC) sediments are compact and become harder

165
Q

What is a FOSSIL?

A

Fossils are the remains or signs of ancient plants and animals preserved in rocks

166
Q

What does the word ANCIENT mean?

A

From a very long time ago

167
Q

What does the word PRESERVED mean>

A

Reserved means it did not rot away.

168
Q

True or false. Fossils are a record of the history of life on earth.

A

True

169
Q

Why are fossils important?

A

Fossils are important because they tell us about plants and animals that lived millions of years ago

170
Q

What does the word EXTINCT mean?

A

Extinct plant or animal does not live with us today

171
Q

What rocks are fossils formed in?

A

Fossils are formed in sedimentary rocks

172
Q

Fossils are found in different layers of sedimentary rock. Some of the fossils are on the lower layers and some of them are higher up.What can the scientist learn from this information?

A

Fossils are a record of the history of life on earth. FOSSIL LOWER DOWN ARE FROM EARLIER AGES.From the position of the fossil in the rock. scientists know that there were reptiles on the planet before mammal.

173
Q

There are two types of fossils what are they?

A

Body fossil Trace fossil

174
Q

What is a BODY fossil?

A

A body fossil isbhard parts of the body such as bones that form fossils

175
Q

What is a TRACE fossil

A

A trace fossils preserved signs of animals such as footprints

176
Q

Give 5 examples of body fossils

A

BonesTeeth ShellsLeavesStemsSeeds

177
Q

Give 5 examples of trace fossils

A

Footprints NestEggs Burrows Animal droppings

178
Q

What is special about the CYCAD TREE and its leaves

A

The modern Cycad leaves look very similar to the fossil Cycad leaves from a million years ago

179
Q

What is special about the KIWI BIRD from new zealand

A

The Kiwi bird hipbone, is very similar to the dinosaurs hip bone.

180
Q

What is a fossil record?

A

Fossil record the fossils have been discovered in a place and the information about them, such as their age

181
Q

What is a fossil site?

A

Fossil site is a place where fossils are found

182
Q

What is the name for human fossils?

A

Hominid

183
Q

How many fossil sites are there in South Africa?

A

There are over 30 fossil sites in south africa

184
Q

Where in South Africa do we find lots of fossil plants?

A

Fossil plants grow in wet places Kwazulu Natal & Karoo

185
Q

What important fossil animals have been found in South Africa?

A

Dinosaurs and the Coelacanth

186
Q

What insect has not changed in almost 200 million years?

A

The cockroach

187
Q

Name 3 kinds of fossil insects that have been found in the Free State, Eastern Cape, Gauteng and Lesotho

A

Dragonflies, Cockroaches, Crickets

188
Q

The AFRICAN DINOSAURS related to what modern day animal?

A

The african dinosaur is related to the modern day animals lizard, crocodile and birds

189
Q

Tell me about the LESOTHOSARAURUS

A

He was discovered in Lesotho. Was the smallest dinasoaur, size of a chicken.

190
Q

Tell me about the EUSKELOSAURUS

A

Lived in the Karoo220 million years ago4 - 9meters tallWeighed 1800kilograms

191
Q

Tell me about the AULACEPHALODON

A

Was a mammal fossilCovered in furLived 250million years agoSize of a young hippopotamusFound in the Eastern Cape & Lesotho

192
Q

What fossils were found near Cape Town. ( Lagebaanweg) about 5 million years ago.?

A

Carnivorous bearsSabre tooth catsShort nek giraffe

193
Q

What kind of animal was the COELACANTH

A

Fish

194
Q

Describe a COELACANTH

A

LARGE Fish, with 4 leg like fins.

195
Q

What happened on December 1938

A

We thought the Coelacanth was extinct about a hundred million years ago.A fisherman caught a very strange fish in a net off East London on that date. It was a Coelacanth

196
Q

Are there still Coelacanths living today?

A

Yes they are, living in the very deep waters off the coast of Kwazulu Natal

197
Q

What is the area near Sterkfontein caves in Johannesburg called?

A

Cradle of humankind

198
Q

Is the “Cradle of human kind” a world heritage site?

A

Yes

199
Q

How old are some of the early Human bones found at Cradle of humankind?

A

5 million years

200
Q

What did early human kind look like?

A

Ape-manSmaller brainsBigger teeth

201
Q

Who is Mrs Ples?

A

Skull found in the Cradle of mankind. Thought it was women but later discovered it was a young boy

202
Q

Who is Little Foot?

A

An almost complete ape-man skeleton.Found in Cradle of mankind. 3 - 4 million years old.

203
Q

True or falseA reptile is a warm blooded animal.

A

FALSE: tortoise is a reptile

204
Q

True or falseYour ears help you balance properly

A

TRUE:

205
Q

True or falseWhen something has energy , it is able to work.

A

TRUE

206
Q

True or falseThe earths core is about 200km from the earths surface

A

FALSE, it is 1000’s of KM to the center of the Earth

207
Q

Witch animal is the odd one out.a) elephantb) wild dogc) mountain tortoised) kangaroo

A

c) Mountain tortoise, is a reptile

208
Q

De-composers change …………. plants and animals into important nutrients that make the soil fertile.a) deadb) allc) greend) flowering

A

a) deadDe-composers change dead plants and animals into important nutrients that make the soil fertile.

209
Q

The hole in the middle of the eye is called the ……………..a) pupilb) retinac) cornead) iris

A

a) pupilThe hole in the middle of the eye is called the pupil.

210
Q

what does a candle need to keep burning?a) oxygenb) nitrogenc) carbon dioxided) carbon monoxide

A

a) oxygen

211
Q

which is an example of NON- renewable energy source?a) solar powerb) wind powerc) coal powerd) hydroelectric power

A

c) coalIs an example of NON- renewable energy source

212
Q

Which one of the following substances would you use to conduct electricity the best?a) A metalb) A non metalc) glassd) liquid

A

a) Metalconduct electricity the best

213
Q

To put out a fire caused by an electrical appliance, you should use….a) bucket of waterb) a blanketc) a hose from the gardend) a fire extinguisher

A

d) a fire extinguisherNEVER use water fro an electrical fireBlanket would catch alight

214
Q

when top soil is fertile it……a) is always light in colourb) contains lots of nutrientsd) smells sweet

A

b) contains lots of nutrientsWhen top soil is fertile it contains lots of nutrients

215
Q

Rocks formed by the cooling of molten larva are called…a) sedimentaryb) volcanicc) igneousd) metamorphic

A

c) igneousRocks formed by the cooling of molten larva are called igneous

216
Q

This soil can not hold water and does not have much food for plantsa) sandy soilb) clayc) siltd) loam

A

a) sandy soilSandy soil can not hold water and does not have much food for plants.

217
Q

In a light bulb, the electrical energy is converted into light and …………… energy

A

In a light bulb, the electrical energy is converted into light and HEAT energy

218
Q

The dark material found in soil is called ……………….It is made up of decomposed plants and animals

A

HUMUS

Grade 4 Natural Science (1 decks)

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