Grade 12 Philosophy Flashcards
I+S: Utilitarianism
Idea that the ends justify the means, Benifits the great number of people/society.
Ex. The trolley problem + neglects individualism (Could’ve killed 3 murderers but killed the president instead. And grows in libertarianism
Stoicism
A philosophy of living. Controlling your emotions and living from within. Coined by Marcus aurelius.
Deontology
Immanuel Kant, German Philosopher
Ethical rules that are based on moral actions, where you still to rules that are considered morally and ethically right, Such as government created rules like do not steal, do not kill.
Sic et non (Yes and no)
Created Peter Abelard
Truth in where religous faith may be aided by the uses of reason
Nichomachean Ethics
emphasizes how spiritual growth can be achieved only by working on yourself everyday, and how the process never really ends, although you become self-actualized on the way
Agnosticism
Belief that we can’t know whether this is a god or not
human reason is incapable in providing rational grounds to justify the belief god exists or doesn’t.
Friedrich Nietzsche
German Philosopher
Humanity should act that god is dead, and morality and rules should seek to push humanity to become something “more than human” / become super men
Wheel of Fortune
Wheel can spin onto something bad or something good, reacting to the external thing can dictate your happiness if you let it. Point is our entire disposition to life should not be affected by the things outside of us.
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Swiss Born Philosopher
Believed that good laws make good citizens, However believes both good laws can only be willed by good citizens and that in order be legitimate, they must be agreed upon by the assembly.
State of nature
Idea that if there was no rules or govenment or society, sure there would be free will however, There would be no laws or anything to protect you ex. If you found a rock and a stronger or smarter person wanted that rock they could rock your shit and take the rock from you. basiclly a messed up world.
Platos Cave
Made by plato, Prisoners in chacles facing the wall and they believe the shadows is reality however its just shadows. You were able to escape and see the outworld and how brilliant and amazing it is and you have a choice to go back down risk them calling you crazy or not going back to tell them and knowing that they couldnt experience the outside world
Nazi at the door
imagine yourself answering the door and its a nazi and your hiding jews in your basement. he asks you are you hiding any jews in your house. You have 3 options say yes and he seaches your house and you did the right thing based on deontology, or you can say no and not do the right thing considering deontology however saving a life.
Prisoners Dilemma
2 guilty of a crime, Separate room and cant communicate. If they both confess they get 15 years, if one confesses he gets released and then one he gets snitched on gets 20, if both dont confess 3 month for each of them. For each outcome there isnt a good ending. Every answer is ethically wrong. If you both confess you get alot jail time, But you snitch your lying and if both your still lying and if you both dont confess you’re lying and you get less jail time.
brain in a vat
Made by Renne Decartes
We are all brains in a vat , whos mental experiences are all qualitatively the same and everything is caused by a supercomputer. Cogito Ergo Sum “I think therefore I am” Philosophical proof of existence because you able to think therefore you are able to exist. Theres no way to prove that you’re a brain in a vat because you think its real. Howevers there way to prove its not real.
More’s Utopia
IN utopia there is no power, greed, struggles, due to the fact that there is no property therefore there is no crime. Everyone has what they need and get what they need with no complications. You want to go to the store get food you can. However theres no free will. Governed by reason. Reason being for everyone to be happy as they can be. However on paper everyone gets their needs however there no free will. You cant property,
