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Individuals & Societies > Grade 10 Quiz WWI > Flashcards

Grade 10 Quiz WWI Flashcards

1
Q

When was the WWI?

A

1914-1918

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2
Q

WWI also known as:

A

The Great War

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3
Q

Why is it called a Total War?

A

All components of an army involved, including air force and navy.

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4
Q

In the war…

A

All continents participated in a ‘local’ european war (ex. Japan, USA)
- European colonies (like India or South Africa) aided.

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5
Q

Direct cause/spark/trigger

A

The assassination of the arch duke from Austria, Franz Ferdinand by a serbian nationalist.

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6
Q

Indirect causes for the outbreak of WWI.

A

Alliances
Nationalism
Colonialism/Imperialism
War plans
Arms race/Naval race

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7
Q

WWI Alliances

A

Triple Entente
- Britain
- France
- Russia (left war in 1917)
- USA (joined war in 1917)
- Serbia (joined)
- Japan (joined)

Triple Alliance
- Germany
- Austria-Hungary
- Italy (changed sides in 1915)
- Ottoman Empire (joined)

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8
Q

Austia-Hungary Ultimatum

A

When Serbia attacked Austria-Hungary they had an ultimatum (last warning) –> list of demands by Austria-Hungary for Serbia
- Serbia declined the ultimatum.

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9
Q

Russia and Serbia

A

Both of slavik origin, so when Serbia got in trouble, Russia helped, setting the alliance system in motion.

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10
Q

Timeline

A

Local war turned into european war into world war.

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11
Q

Preventive War

A

Attack first (have the upper hand)
- Prevent a war from escalating.

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12
Q

Von Schlieffen Plan

A

Avoid a two front war
(1905) - 10 years before the war

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13
Q

Arms race

A

The WW1 term “arms race” is a canopy phase to describe the land and sea rivalry of various countries’ development in weapons and equipment.
- Major powers in Europe were building up their armies.
- In Germany war and militarism was glorified. The Kaiser surrounded himself with military advisors.
- He was involved in Germany’s military planning and staged military rallies and processions.

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14
Q

Naval Race

A
  • Britain ruled the seas
  • In 1898 New Kaiser Wilhelm announced intention to build a German navy.
  • Britain felt threatened (Germany didn’t have much empire to protect like Britain did, so what was their navy doing in the North Sea).
  • Germany felt they were overreacting.
  • In 1906 Britain launched the HMS Dreadnought (with guns on rotating turrets firing shells over 9 km in any direction).
  • Germany then built their own ‘Dreadnoughts’.
  • Both countries spent millions on their new ships.
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15
Q

Western Front

A

Netherlands
Belgium
France

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16
Q

Eastern Front

A

Russia

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17
Q

Germany’s Plan (Von Schlieffen Plan)

A

Attack France first.
- Germany attacked France through Belgium (neutral country)
- Britain claimed if you attack a mutual country, they will attack back.
- Britain helping Belgium set the whole alliance system in motion.

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18
Q

Reasons why European countries were enthusiastic for a war to start in 1914

A
  • believed it would be over my Christmas ending in victory (propaganda spread to citizens)
  • thought modern war would be swift and settle all conflicts.
  • soldiers in WWI (never lived through a war - last one in 1870) wanted the war in 1914 to live as a brave man.
  • revenge (in France’s case)
  • nationalism
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19
Q

The German Schiefflen Plan failed

A
  • Belgians held up Germany
  • The British Expeditionary Force helped Belgium (after being invaded), shocking Germany and slowing the army (six weeks to reach France).
  • French had enough forces to stop the German advance and defend Paris.
  • Russians moved quicker than expected forcing Germany to transfer troops to the east.
  • Old-fashioned plan (10 years old)
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20
Q

Stalemate

A

the front cannot advance.
- the machine gun that led to trenched which led to STALEMATE (the war was not moving)

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21
Q

Fighting on the Western front

A

Infantry - people (soldiers)
Artillery (weapons)
Cavalry (horses)

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22
Q

Trench Warfare

A
  • stationary
  • a defensive system against artillery (machine guns)
  • involves a hole in the terrain.
  • rifles hed outside to shoot
  • trenches were connected
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23
Q

August to November 1914

A

Warfare went from moving quickly to, in October, not being able to advance any further leading to stationary positions (trenches).

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24
Q

New Weapons in WWI

A

Submarines (German U-Boat)
Poison Gas
Gas Mask
Tanks
Grenade
Barbed Wire
Machine Guns
Flamethrowers
War Planes
Zeppelin
Dreadnoughts
Torpedo
Radar (detect submarines)
Convoy (British tactic: more than one ship sailing from a continent at a time to be protected by other ships).

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25
Q

Life in the Trenches

A

Gruesome because people waited for death.
- Not enough food, water and medicine.
- cold in winters
- soldiers missed family

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26
Q

No Man’s Land

A
  • the narrow, muddy, with barbed wire, treeless stretch of land, numerous shell holes, that
  • separated German and Allied trenches during the First World War.
  • dangerous since it offered little or no protection for soldiers.
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27
Q

Over the Top

A

Climbing out of the trenches with rifles into no mans land to mount attack from the trenches.
- Attcaking side’s bombarded the enemies trench (barrage)
- Barrage stopped and attacking soldier went ‘over the top’ (climbed out of their trenches.
- the defenders would have to set up their machine guns before the attackers got over the barbed wire in No Man’s Land.
- The defenders took down the advancing soldiers with machine guns.
- If forward positions where captured they would have to be held, usually attackers were forced back to their original position.

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28
Q

Red Cross

A
  • Saw to the wounded
  • Took away the dead
  • Delivered letters to soldiers
29
Q

Dogtags

A

Two: one for the family and one for the body
- Family decides if it should remain where it had fallen or to bring it home.

30
Q

Trench Foot

A

Stand in the trench with the rain.
- When you take of the booy, skin comes with it.

31
Q

Why did soldiers fight in the war?

A
  • They could not let down their battalion (peers, friends, neighbours)
  • If they didn’t it was recognized as treason, and that led to death.
32
Q

Why was the trench structure like that?

A
  • It was zigzag to avoid grenade
  • long with connections, ‘supply trenches’
33
Q

Runners

A

Passed on messages between headquarters and the actual front.

34
Q

Danger of Poison Gas

A

Change of wind will bring the gas right back.

35
Q

Battle of the Somme

A
  • Massive battle
  • Tanks were used for the first time
  • France and Britain vs Germany on the Western Front
  • Casualties: 11th Cambridgeshire Battalion sent 750 men over the top on 1 July 1916 and 691 became casualties.
  • about 57000 casualties the first day
  • The British objectives were to gain territory, distract the Germans from Verdun and kill as many Germans as possible.
  • Haig should not have sent so many soldiers into No Mans Land to die
36
Q

How much land was gained by Britain in the battle of the Somme?

A

25 km

37
Q

Battle of Gallipoli

A
  • Ottoman Empire (now turkey)
  • Germany vs. Britain, Australia and New Zealand (ANZAC Australia New Zealand Army Corps)
38
Q

What was the plan for Battle of Gallipoli?

A
  • The plan was to use the British navy to go through the Dardanelles strait and attack Constantinople in order to relieve Russian forces, by attacking Austria-Hungary and sending supplies.
39
Q

What happened during the Battle of Gallipoli?

A
  • In the Dardanelle strait, the mines and shell fire damaged the navy, so they couldn’t continue. This led to a land attack where British, French and ANZAC soldiers were slaughtered (because the Turks knew it was coming).
  • Eventually the allied forces built trenches, but due to disease, frostbite, etc…they withdrew the troops, leaving thousands dead.
  • Churchhill involved (humiliated as it failed)
  • Some submarines did get through the strait to attack constantinople.
40
Q

Why the battles are considered failures.

A

Because in both battles either no land or very little was gained at the cost of thousands of lives and suffering.

41
Q

Similarities: Gallipoli

A
  • Gain territory
  • Stalemate developed
  • Cold caused frostbite
  • Alliances
  • Poor leadership
  • Diseases
42
Q

Differences: Gallipoli

A
  • Started off as a naval attack.
  • ANZAC fought with France and Britain.
  • Turkey was involved.
43
Q

Differences: Balkans - Middle East

A
  • Once they got out of the stalemate, Bulgarians were defeated in just two weeks (quick).
  • Allied forces had help from Arab Tribes in the Middle East.
  • The allied forces were British, French, Serbian, Italian and Russian in the Balkans.
  • Allied forces vs. Turkey in the Middle East.
  • Allied forces vs. Bulgaria in the Balkans.
  • Flat, muddy landscapes (western) vs. mountains (balkans) and desert (Middle East)
44
Q

Differences: Eastern Front

A
  • A stalemate never occurred.
  • Russian soldiers were underfed, whereas British were not.
  • More offense than defense
  • Russia and Germany allied while Austria didn’t.
  • Russia lacked resources –> Russia left WWI (1917)
  • Infantry was important
45
Q

Similarities: Balkans (blakan campaign) and the Middle East

A
  • Diseases and cold
  • Stalemate developed
46
Q

Similarities: Eastern Front

A
  • Trench war
  • Foot soldiers were important
  • Alliances
  • Fortified positions
  • Political unrest
47
Q

Colonialism & Imperialism

A

because as countries like Britain and France expanded their empires, it resulted in increased tensions among European countries.

48
Q

Nationalism

A

Creating competition and tensions between nations, as each sought to assert their independence and power. This led to a complex web of alliances and rivalries that contributed to the outbreak of the war.

49
Q

Total War

A

A war which is unrestricted in terms of the weapons used, the territory or combatants involved, or the objectives pursued, especially one in which the accepted rules of war are disregarded.

50
Q

The Schlieffen Plan

A

It unleashed the war with Germany’s invasion of neutral countries to the West. The violation of Belgian neutrality in particular proved to Germany’s enemies that they were fighting an aggressive and ruthless enemy.

51
Q

Western and Easter Fronts

A

The Western front was small, with trenches and stalemate. The Eastern front was large, with fluid offensives and counter-offensives.

52
Q

Trench Warfare what is it and why?

A

Warfare in which opposing armed forces attack, counterattack, and defend from relatively permanent systems of trenches dug into the ground
- Artillery and machine guns forced the armies on the Western Front to dig trenches to protect themselves.

53
Q

The machine gun

A
  • Soldiers used this weapon to bring down rows of soldier from a distance (defensive system for trenches).
  • Aircrafts used it for close range combat (offensive and defensive).
54
Q

The Torpedo

A

Submarines performed torpedo attacks when submerged or on the surface, offensive.

55
Q

Poison Gas

A

The gas blowing over the trenches or lines, blistering the skin, eyes and lungs, reducing the enemies ability to respond.

56
Q

Fighter Aircraft

A
  • Attack other aircrafts in a dogfight, escort bombers and shoot down enemy planes with machine guns in the air.
  • Attack enemy trenches, bring support to ground troops on land.
  • Attack shipping and submarines at sea.
57
Q

The German U-Boat Campaign

A
  • Britain lost 500,000 tons of shipping.
  • Successful in initial stages (first 2 years).
  • Britain has resources imported from the USA.
  • U-Boat sank one of USA’s ships with civilians, Lusitania. So the USA entered the war (1917), and the German U-Boat campaign failed.
  • USA entered: finances/supplies, allied morale up, german morale down, loss of German support for the war effort.
58
Q

Reason 1 for breaking the stalemate.

A

The British had been blockading German ports since 1914 and this strangled German industry so it could not supply resources to the German army (from $5.9 billion in 1914 in German trade to $0.8 billion in 1917).

59
Q

Reason 2 for breaking the stalemate.

A

The German U-Boat campaign caused shortages in Britain but is also had another effect, helped bring USA into war.

60
Q

Reason 3 for breaking the stalemate.

A

Germans attacked and destroyed many American ships, killing civilians. Germany was then trying to ally with Mexico to the USA declared war on Germany on april 1 1917.

61
Q

Reason 4 for breaking the stalemate.

A

Russia made peace with Germany due to the Russian Revolution, as a communist government rose. This allowed Germany to transfer hundreds of thousands of troops back to the western front. This was a major breakthrough.

62
Q

Reason 5 for breaking the stalemate.

A

In March 1918, the German Commander Ludendorff launches a strategic plan.
- bombardment and gas attacks.
- then small bands of specially trained ‘storm troops’ striking along the entire front line.
The Germans advanced by 64 km, breaking the stalemate.
- Ludendorff Offensive
- 400,000 soldiers were lost.

63
Q

Hundred Days

A

Between May and August the Germans were out of resources.
- They ended Trench Warfare, but the allies were well-equipped.
- They counter attacked along the Western Front and by October Germany was in full retreat, ‘The Hundred Days’.

64
Q

Rivalry

A

competition for the same objective or for superiority in the same field.

65
Q

Stalemate

A

a condition in war in which neither side can change the front lines dramatically no matter how hard it tries

66
Q

Alliances

A

formal agreements between two or more nations. In national defense, they’re promises that each nation will support the other, particularly during war

67
Q

Colonialism & Imperialism

A

Colonialism is the establishment of a colony in a foreign land, while imperialism is one country taking over another country or region by force or coercion.

68
Q

Nationalism

A

the belief that your country is superior, without question or doubt.

69
Q

Bombardment

A

a continuous attack with bombs, shells, or other missiles.

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