Graciela Osorio ch 5 period 3

Question 1

abolitionist

Answer 1

a person who favors the abolition of a practice or institution, especially capital punishment or (formerly) slavery.

Question 2

affirmative action

Answer 2

The requirement, imposed by law or administrative regulation, that an organization (business firm, government agency, labor union, school, or college) take positive steps to increase the number or proportion of women, African Americans, or other minorities in its membership. aliens.

Question 3

Americans with disabilities act

Answer 3

Requires employers and public facilities to make “reasonable accommodations” for the disabled and prohibits discrimination against the disabled in employment.

Question 4

Brown v Board of education 1954

Answer 4

The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated.

Question 5

Cesar chavez

Answer 5

was a prominent union leader and labor organizer. Hardened by his early experience as a migrant worker, Chavez founded the National Farm Workers Association in 1962. His union joined with the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee in its first strike against grape growers in California, and the two organizations later merged to become the United Farm Workers.

Question 6

civil rights

Answer 6

the gov’t protected rights of individuals against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by governments of individuals from specific groups

Question 7

chinese exclusion act

Answer 7

(1882) Denied any additional Chinese laborers to enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate.

Question 8

Civil rights act 1875

Answer 8

Banned discrimination in hotels, restaurants, railroad cars, and in jury duty. The Supreme Court ruled it unconstitutional in 1883 thus paving the way for Jim Crow.

Question 9

Dred Scott v Stanford 1857

Answer 9

• It came into question whether a freed slave was considered a citizen.
• The majority decided that Americans of African descent, whether free or slave, were not American citizens and could not sue in federal court. Called the Missouri compromise unconstitutional
• Minority argued that as a tax payer and land owner, he was indeed, a citizen.
• This court decision created larger sectional tensions between the North and South.

Question 10

Dolores Huerta

Answer 10

Dolores Clara Fernández Huerta is an American labor leader and civil rights activist who, with Cesar Chavez, is a co-founder of the National Farmworkers Association, which later became the United Farm Workers.

Question 11

Equal protection clause

Answer 11

section of the 14th Amendment that guarantees all citizens receive “equal protection of the laws”

Question 12

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Answer 12

was an American army general and statesman who served as the 34th president of the United States from 1953 to 1961. During World War II, he was a five-star general in the United States Army and served as supreme commander of the Allied Expeditionary Forces in Europe.

Question 13

Eleanor Roosevelt

Answer 13

Anna Eleanor Roosevelt was an American political figure, diplomat and activist. She served as the First Lady of the United States from March 4, 1933 to April 12, 1945 during her husband President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s four terms in office, making her the longest serving First Lady of the United States.

Question 14

grandfather Clause

Answer 14

a part of a law which says that the law does not apply to certain people and things because of conditions that existed before the law was passed.

Question 15

Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 15

Make by Abe Lincoln in 1863. It said that slaves are free in the rebel states. It did nothing initially but gradually destroyed the system of slavery in the south.

Question 16

Equal Pay Act of 1963

Answer 16

prohibits sex-based wage discrimination between men and women in the same establishment who perform jobs that require substantially equal skill, effort, and responsibility under similar working conditions.

Question 17

Plessy v Ferguson

Answer 17

It came into question whether the states constitutionally enact legislation requiring persons of different races to use “separate but equal” segregated facilities.

• The majority found that states can constitutionally enact legislation requiring persons of different races to use “separate but equal” segregated facilities.
• The minority denied that a legislature could differentiate on the basis of race with regard to civil rights.
• With this court decision, the phrase “separate but equal” was struck down.

Question 18

Equal rights Amendment

Answer 18

a proposed amendment to the US Constitution stating that civil rights may not be denied on the basis of one’s sex.

Question 19

suffrage movement

Answer 19

the drive for voting rights for women that took place in the United States from 1890-1920

Question 20

susan B anthony

Answer 20

was an American social reformer and feminist who played a pivotal role in the women’s suffrage movement. Born into a Quaker family committed to social equality, she collected anti-slavery petitions at the age of 17.

Question 21

Frederick Douglass

Answer 21

Frederick Douglass was an American social reformer, abolitionist, orator, writer, and statesman. After escaping from slavery in Maryland, he became a national leader of the abolitionist movement in Massachusetts and New York, gaining note for his oratory and incisive antislavery writings.

Question 22

Harriet tubman

Answer 22

is well known for risking her life as a “conductor” in the Underground Railroad, which led escaped slaves to freedom in the North. … Tubman decided to help the Union Army because she wanted freedom for all of the people who were forced into slavery, not just the few she could help by herself.

Question 23

Harry S Truman

Answer 23

A political leader of the twentieth century. A Democrat, Truman was president from 1945 to 1953. In 1944, after representing Missouri in the Senate, Truman was elected vice president under President Franklin D. Roosevelt and became president when Roosevelt died.

Question 24

Intermediate standard of review

Answer 24

Intermediate scrutiny, in U.S. constitutional law, is the second level of deciding issues using judicial review. The other levels are typically referred to as rational basis review and strict scrutiny.

Question 25

John F. Kennedy

Answer 25

commonly referred to by his initials JFK, was an American politician and journalist who served as the 35th president of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963.

Question 26

Korematsu v u.s 1944

Answer 26

This law prohibits gender discrimination by institutions of higher learning that receive federal funds. It has been used to increase funding for women’s sports.

Question 27

Lawrence v. Texas 2003

Answer 27

The Supreme Court ruled that a Texas law about gay sexual encounters was an unreasonable invasion of privacy and against the 14th amendment.

Question 28

League of United Latin America Citizens

Answer 28

is the oldest surviving Latino civil rights organization in the U.S. It was established on February 17, 1929, in Corpus Christi, Texas, largely by Hispanic veterans of World War I who sought to end ethnic discrimination against Latinos in the United States.

Question 29

LGBT community

Answer 29

referred to as the gay community, is a loosely defined grouping of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, LGBT organizations, and subcultures, united by a common culture and social movements

Question 30

Martin Luther king Jr

Answer 30

. was an American Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the civil rights movement from 1955 until his assassination in 1968.

Question 31

Mexican American Legal Defense and Educatinal fund

Answer 31

Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund. 1968. Force districs to allot more funds to low income minorities for education, bilingual education, hire more, and challenge election rules and apportionments. Aided by Voting Rights Act and equal protection clause.

Question 32

National American Woman suffrage association

Answer 32

was an organization formed on February 18, 1890 to advocate in favor of women’s suffrage in the United States.

Question 33

National Association for the advancement of colored people

Answer 33

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People is a civil rights organization in the United States, formed in 1909 as a bi-racial endeavor to advance justice for African Americans by a group including W. E. B. Du Bois, Mary White Ovington and Moorfield Storey.

Question 34

NAACP legal defense and educational fund

Answer 34

The NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc. is a leading United States civil rights organization and law firm based in New York City

Question 35

National organization for women

Answer 35

The National Organization for Women is an American feminist organization founded in 1966. The organization consists of 550 chapters in all 50 U.S. states and in Washington, D.C.

Question 36

national womens party

Answer 36

The National Woman’s Party was an outgrowth of the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage, which had been formed in 1913 by Alice Paul and Lucy Burns to fight for women’s suffrage.

Question 37

19th amendment

Answer 37

The Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits the states and the federal government from denying the right to vote to citizens of the United States on the basis of sex.

Question 38

Obergefell v. Hodgens 2015

Answer 38

576 U.S. ___, is a landmark civil rights case in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the fundamental right to marry is guaranteed to same-sex couples by both the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

Question 39

poll tax

Answer 39

a tax levied on every adult, without reference to income or resources.

Question 40

Progressive Era 1890-1920

Answer 40

The early progressives rejected Social Darwinism. In other words, they were people who believed that the problems society faced (poverty, violence, greed, racism, class warfare) could best be addressed by providing good education, a safe environment, and an efficient workplace.

Question 41

rational basis standard of review

Answer 41

that courts apply when considering constitutional questions, including due process or equal protection questions under the Fifth Amendment or Fourteenth Amendment.

Question 42

Rosa parks

Answer 42

Rosa Louise McCauley Parks was an American activist in the civil rights movement best known for her pivotal role in the Montgomery bus boycott. The United States Congress has called her “the first lady of civil rights” and “the mother of the freedom movement”

Question 43

separate-but-equal doctrine

Answer 43

Separate but equal was a legal doctrine in United States constitutional law according to which racial segregation did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which guaranteed “equal protection” under the law to all people.

Question 44

standards of review

Answer 44

In law, the standard of review is the amount of deference given by one court (or some other appellate tribunal) in reviewing a decision of a lower court or tribunal. … The standard of review may be set by statute or precedent (stare decisis).

Question 45

strict scrutiny

Answer 45

a Supreme Court test to see if a law denies equal protection because it does not serve a compelling state interest and is not narrowly tailored to achieve that goal

Question 46

suspect classification

Answer 46

refers to a characteristic used in applying a law, which a court will review subject to a strict scrutiny standard. A classification is called suspect because it is likely to be based on illegal discrimination. The clearest example of a suspect classification is race.

Question 47

title IX

Answer 47

This law prohibits gender discrimination by institutions of higher learning that receive federal funds. It has been used to increase funding for women’s sports.

Question 48

thurgood Marshall

Answer 48

Thurgood Marshall was an American lawyer, serving as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from October 1967 until October 1991. Marshall was the Court’s 96th justice and its first African-American justice

Question 49

United States v Windsor 2013

Answer 49

United States v. Windsor, 570 U.S. 744, is a landmark civil rights case in which the United States Supreme Court held that restricting U.S. federal interpretation of “marriage” and “spouse” to apply

Question 50

Susan B Anthony

Answer 50

was an American social reformer and women’s rights activist who played a pivotal role in the women’s suffrage movement. Born into a Quaker family committed to social equality, she collected anti-slavery petitions at the age of 17

Question 51

Suffrage Movement

Answer 51

19th Amendment. The 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution granted American women the right to vote, a right known as women’s suffrage, and was ratified on August 18, 1920, ending almost a century of protest. In 1848 the movement for women’s rights launched on a national level with the Seneca …read more.

Question 52

Seneca falls convention

Answer 52

The Seneca Falls Convention was the first women’s rights convention. It advertised itself as “a convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman”. Held in Seneca Falls, New York, it spanned two days over July 19–20, 1848.

Question 53

Plessy v Ferguson

Answer 53

was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court issued in 1896. It upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality – a doctrine that came to be known as “separate but equal”.

Question 54

lucretia mott

Answer 54

Lucretia Mott was a U.S. Quaker, abolitionist, women’s rights activist, and social reformer. She had formed the idea of reforming the position of women in society when she was amongst the women excluded from the World Anti-Slavery Convention in 1840.

Question 55

Civil rights 1965

Answer 55

The Voting Rights Act of 1965, signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote as guaranteed under the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

Question 56

National American Woman suffrage association

Answer 56

was an organization formed on February 18, 1890 to advocate in favor of women’s suffrage in the United States.

Question 57

poll tax

Answer 57

a tax levied on every adult, without reference to income or resources.