GP ILA itch Flashcards
how to hodgkin’s lymphomas spread
continguity (i.e. next one along - think Hodgkin’s if there are enlarged lymph nodes in chains). (non-hodg do not spread in chains)
symptoms of hodgkin’s other than painless node enlargement
b symptoms - fever weight loss, night sweats
pruritus, fatigue, anorexia, alcohol induced pain at site of node, breathlessness
modifying features of ann arbor
A or B = presence/absence of B symptoms
S: used if spread to the spleen.
E: used if disease is extranodal
X: used if the largest deposit is >10 cm large or if mediastinum is wider than ⅓ of chest on CXR
what may be seen on cxr in hodgkin’s
mediastinal widening
test for EBV (must be ruled out if suspect hodgkin’s)
monospot test
how do you treat hodgkin’s
chemo and radio (NOT surgery)
macule vs papule vs pustule vs vesicle
macule: flat, discoloured
papule: raised, solid
pustule: raised, filled with pus
vesicle: raised, filled with fluid
bulla: big blister
why can renal disease cause itch
uraemia
systemic causes of itch
- cholestasis
- CKD
- HIV
- malignancy
- neuro (compression, nerve root irritation, peripheral neuropathy)
- anaemia
- drugs
- menopause
- pregnancy
- obsessive states, schizophrenia
drugs that can cause itch?
OPIOIDS!!!!!!!!!!!!!
allopurinol
amiodarone
statin
what is cholestatis
reduction in bile flow
intrahepatic causes of cholestasis
primary biliary cirrhosis pregnancy (cholestasis of preg) hepatitis b and c alcoholic liver disease acute hepatitis
extrahepatic causes of cholestasis
gallstone
bile duct tumour
pancreatic tumour
pancreatitis
what should you examine with itch and why??
examine abdo and lymph nodes for hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy of lymphoma
med for treatment of itch in cholestasis
colestyramine
example of mild steroid
hydrocortisone
what is canesten HC
hydrocortosone with natifungal
name of mild steroid with antibacterial
fucidin H (hydrocort with fusidic acid). works against staph.
2 examples of moderate steroids
betnovate RD (betamethasone) eumovate
what drugs do you prescribe by brand name?
topical steroids
lithium
theophylline
example of potent steroid
betnovate
what does dovobet contain and what is it used for
betamethasone and calcipotriol (vitamin D). used for psoriasis
name of v potent steroid
dermovate
side effects of topical steroids
adrenal suppression
cutaneous SEs
cushing’s
glaucoma and cateracts
what cutaenous SEs of topical steroids
skin atrophy striae easy bruising telangiectasia localised thicker longer hair
how do you measure how much creame to apply
fingertip unit
