GP

Question 1

What is defined as hypercalcemia?

Answer 1

> 2.65mmol

Question 2

Causes of hypercalcemia:

Answer 2

Medical:
Primary / Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Malignancy
Granlomatosis disease (sarcoid / TB)

Medications:
Lithium
Thiazide diuretics
Vitamin A/D

Question 3

What does ECG show in hypercalcemia?

Answer 3

Shortened QT for HYPERcalcemia

Question 4

Inv for hypercalcemia:

Answer 4

Bloods: FBC - (myeloma), U&E’s, LFT’s, PTH
Bone profile: (calcium, phosphate, albumin, total protein, ALP)

Urinary bence jones proteins
Chest x-ray
ECG
Bone scan / pet

Question 5

What are the fraser guidelines?

Answer 5

UPSSI - Understand, can’t persuade, sex intercourse, suffer, interest.

1. They are mature and intelligent enough to understand the treatment
2. They can’t be persuaded to discuss it with their parents or let the health professional discuss it
3. They are likely to have intercourse regardless of treatment
4. Their physical or mental health is likely to suffer without treatment
5. Treatment is in their best interest