Goya: Specified Painter

Question 1

Who did Napoleon install as King of Spain after deposing the Bourbon king Charles IV?

Answer 1

Joseph (his brother)

Question 2

Name the monarch who was returned to the throne of Spain after Napoleon’s defeat in 1814.

Answer 2

Ferdinand VII (son of Charles IV)

Question 3

Name the location in Madrid where the 2 May 1808 uprising took place.

Answer 3

Puerta del Sol Square

Question 4

Name the location in Madrid where the executions represented in Goya’s ‘3 May 1808’ take place.

Answer 4

Principe Pio hill

Question 5

Who was Napoleon’s general responsible for French troops in Spain?

Answer 5

Joachim Murat

Question 6

Name the elite Egyptian cavalry in Napoleon’s Grande Armee.

Answer 6

Mamluks

Question 7

Who said this: ‘French blood has flowed. It demands vengeance’.

Answer 7

Joachim Murat

Question 8

Name two ways in which Goya’s paintings of the ‘Second and Third of May 1808’ depart from the artistic conventions of history paintings.

Answer 8

1. Not morally uplifting
2. Do not celebrate the victor
3. Focus on the victims and on pain
4. Do not have an academic, polished finish

Question 9

Which painter had the greatest influence on Goya?

Answer 9

Velazquez

Question 10

In which style did Francisco de Goya work?

Answer 10

Romanticism

Question 11

During which conflict were the canvases of the ‘Second and Third of May 1808’ damaged?

Answer 11

the Spanish Civil War

Question 12

Name two artists who were directly influenced by Goya’s ‘Second and Third of May 1808’.

Answer 12

Edouard Manet
Pablo Picasso

Question 13

Who was the Spanish general, based in Zaragoza, who may have inspired Goya to create ‘The Disasters of War’ by inviting him to the besieged city?

Answer 13

Jose Palafox

Question 14

Why couldn’t ‘The Disasters of War’ be printed during Goya’s lifetime?

Answer 14

Censorship (critical of both the Occupation and the restored Bourbon regime)

Question 15

In what year was Goya’s ‘The Disasters of War’ finally published?

Answer 15

1863

Question 16

Which plate, with its caption, is the only known historical event represented in ‘The Disasters of War’?

Answer 16

Plate 7: What courage!

Question 17

What do plates 1-47 of ‘The Disasters of War’ represent?

Answer 17

Guerrilla warfare and the brutality of the occupying Napoleonic army.

Question 18

What do plates 48-64 of ‘The Disasters of War’ represent?

Answer 18

The aftermath and effects of the Peninsular War, particularly the 1811-1812 famine in Madrid

Question 19

What do plates 65-82 of ‘The Disasters of War’ represent?

Answer 19

Allegorical criticism of the restored Bourbon monarchy.

Question 20

What is the name of Goya’s print series (published in 1799) which inspired the eerie, otherworldly plates in ‘The Disasters of War’?

Answer 20

Los Caprichos

Question 21

Goya may have owned a copy of an 1633 series of prints representing the devastation of the Thirty Years’ War: who was it by, and what was its title?

Answer 21

Jacques Callot, The Great Miseries of War/Les Grandes Miseres de la Guerre

Question 22

The pose of the figure in Plate 37 of ‘The Disasters of War’, This is Worse, was inspired by a famous Hellenistic fragment: which one?

Answer 22

The Belvedere Torso

Question 23

Give at least two reasons why Goya chose printmaking for his ‘Disasters of War’ series.

Answer 23

• Contrast between black and white creates stark, haunting mood
• Jagged lines of etching and drypoint powerfully express the ragged brutality of war’s physical toll
• Easily reproducible medium for wide distribution

Question 24

Name the three printmaking techniques employed in ‘The Disasters of War’.

Answer 24

Etching
Drypoint
Aquating

Question 25

Name at least two artists (brothers don't count as two!) directly influenced by 'The Disasters of War'.

Answer 25

Jake and Dinos Chapman Otto Dix Don McCullin