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Govt Page 16-18 > Govt Page 16-18 > Flashcards

Govt Page 16-18 Flashcards

1
Q

An alternative to the progressive income tax where individuals pay the same percentage regardless of how much they earn.

A

Flat tax

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2
Q

Federally funded program gives food coupons to low income people based on income and family size.

A

Food stamp program

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3
Q

The portion of national income that individuals and groups earn.

A

Income distribution

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4
Q

A shared program between the federal and local governments that covers hospital and nursing home costs of low-income people.

A

Medicaid

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5
Q

Program that covers hospital and medical costs of people 65 years of age and older as well as disabled individuals receiving Social Security.

A

Medicare

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6
Q

References the point at which an individual is considered living in what has been called a “culture of poverty.”

A

Poverty line

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7
Q

A tax based upon the amount of money an individual earned, such as an income tax. Became legal as a result of the ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment to the Constitution.

A

Progressive tax

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8
Q

A tax that is imposed on individuals regardless of how much they earn, such as a sales tax.

A

Regressive tax

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9
Q

A minimum government guarantee that ensures that individuals living in poverty will receive support in the form of social welfare programs.

A

Safety net

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10
Q

Entitlement programs such as Social Security and programs such as Aid to Dependent Children paid for by the federal government.

A

Social welfare

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11
Q

An alternative to the traditional welfare, where an individual is trained to work instead of receiving welfare.

A

Workfare

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12
Q

Law that established national standards for states, strict auto emissions guidelines, and regulation, which set air pollution standards for private industry.

A

Clean Air Act (1970)

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13
Q

Passed in 1987, this law established safe drinking standards and creates penalties for water polluters.

A

Clean Water Act

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14
Q

Wildlife threatened by extinction, many protected by the Endangered Species Act.

A

Endangered species

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15
Q

Regulates air and water pollution, pesticides, radiation, solid waste, and toxic substances. It is the main environmental regulatory agency.

A

Environmental Protection Agency

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16
Q

Public policy dealing with the consumption and protection of natural resources.

A

National energy policy

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17
Q

1969 legislation that required government agencies to issue environmental impact statements with the Environmental Protection Agency whenever they proposed policies that could negatively affect the environment.

A

National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)

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18
Q

Those natural resources such as oil, which based on consumption, are limited.

A

Non-renewable resources

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19
Q

Created as part of the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974, it was given jurisdiction to license and regulate commercial use of nuclear technologies and monitor waste storage and transportation of materials arising from its use.

A

Nuclear Regulatory Commission

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20
Q

Those natural resources such as solar energy that can be used over again.

A

Renewable resources

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21
Q

Legislation that mandated the cleanup of abandoned toxic waste dumps and authorized premarket testing of chemical substances. It allowed the EPA to ban or regulate the manufacture, sale, or use of any chemicals that could present an “unreasonable risk of injury to health or environment,” and outlawed certain chemicals such as PCBs.

A

Superfund

22
Q

Treaty wherein America and the Soviet Union agreed to limit antiballistic missile sites and interceptor missiles.

A

Antiballistic Missile Treaty of 1972

23
Q

Going close to the edge of an all-out war in order to contain communism.

A

Brinkmanship

24
Q

An era of American foreign policy lasting from the end of World War II (1945) to the collapse of the Soviet Union (1991) where American policy was defined as containment of communism.

A

Cold War

25
Q

Agreement to form through treaties mutual defense arrangements, such as NATO, which guarantee that if one nation is attacked, other nations will come to its defense.

A

Collective security

26
Q

Official foreign policy of the United States between 1945 and 1991 that was predicated on stopping the spread of communism.

A

Containment

27
Q

A foreign policy started by Richard Nixon and supported by Ronald Reagan that resulted in an improvement of relations with the Soviet Union during the cold war.

A

Détente

28
Q

Suggestion that if one country fell to communism, others would fall like dominoes.

A

Domino theory

29
Q

Doctrine that stated readiness to use armed forces to aid Middle Eastern countries threatened by communist aggression.

A

Eisenhower Doctrine

30
Q

Refers to a country exporting more than they import. The United States has had an unfavorable balance of trade since World War II.

A

Favorable balance of trade

31
Q

Agreement wherein new trade barriers should be avoided by member nations existing tariffs should be eliminated, and protective tariffs should be used only for emergency situations.

A

General Agrement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

32
Q

The degree of linkage among the community of nations.

A

Global interdependence

33
Q

A foreign policy established by Franklin Roosevelt that aimed at improving relations with Latin America.

A

Good neighbor policy

34
Q

Agreement that called for destruction of a large part of the most dangerous nuclear warheads, the intermediate range missiles.

A

Intermediate Nuclear Force (INF) Treaty

35
Q

Agreement that provided for the dismantling of all Soviet and American medium- and short-range missiles and established a site inspection procedure.

A

Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces Treaty of 1987

36
Q

A clearing house for member nations to discuss monetary issues and develop international plans and policies to deal with monetary issues. Regulating monetary exchange rates is its primary task.

A

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

37
Q

United States foreign policy between World War I and World War II, which resulted in the United States staying out of European affairs. Rejection of the League of Nations and Treaty of Versailles were examples of isolationist policy.

A

Isolationism

38
Q

Policy pursued in the early to late 1800s that was based upon the belief that it was God’s will for the United States to expand its borders to the Pacific.

A

Manifest Destiny

39
Q

President Bush’s vision for world peace centering around the United States taking the lead to ensure that aggression be dealt with by a mutual agreement of the United nations, NATO, and other countries acting in concert.

A

New world order

40
Q

Agreement that called for dramatic reductions of tariffs among the United States, Canada, and Mexico.

A

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

41
Q

Agreement that banned atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons.

A

Nuclear Test Ban Treaty of 1963

42
Q

President Clinton announced in 1993 a policy that allowed for the gradual recognition of new member nations from the former Warsaw Pact and gave the designation of associate status in NATO to Russia.

A

Partnership for peace

43
Q

A campaign theme of Warren Harding referring to a belief that the United States should turn inward after World War I.

A

Return to normalcy

44
Q

Agreement signed by President Nixon in 1972 that resulted in the first arms reductions since the nuclear age began.

A

Strategic Arms Limitation Talk (SALT) Treaty

45
Q

Known as SALT II, the treaty never passed the Senate as a result of Russia’s invasion of Afghanistan. However, in 1986 many of the reductions were carried out by both sides.

A

Strategic Arms Limitation Treat of 1972

46
Q

Treaty between the United States and Russia that agreed to major reductions in their nuclear arsenals.

A

Strategic Arms Reductions Treaty (START) of 1991

47
Q

Policy that supported people in Greece and Turkey in resisting communism after World War II.

A

Truman Doctrine

48
Q

Judicial review

A

Marbury vs. Madison

49
Q

“separate but equal” doctrine override

A

Brown vs. Board

50
Q

Can’t tax National Bank

A

McCulloch vs. Maryland

51
Q

Federal steamboat license. Congress has sole authority over interstate commerce.

A

Gibbons vs. Ogden

Govt Page 16-18 (1 decks)

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