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government ib > Government Unit 1 Test > Flashcards

Government Unit 1 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

main systems of government

A

unitary- power given to state by central government, confederate soverign states with weak central government, federal- equal division of power between state and central government

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2
Q

Advantages+disadvantages of main systems of government

A

Unitary- weak states/localities but centralized power, confederacy- weak central government but powerful states, federal- each level can make own laws but good balance of power

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3
Q

constitution

A

plan providing rules for government

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4
Q

what do federal, unitary, confederate systems have in common

A
  • they have a population
  • they have territory
  • they have effective governance
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5
Q

In which system does central/national government have most power and least power+explain

A

Unitary, confederate

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6
Q

constitutional government

A

constitution has authority to clearly place limits on power

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7
Q

Purposes of a constitution

A

lay down the essential and basic laws of the land- to regulate power /how country is governed, uphold rights duties, freedoms of citizens

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8
Q

why can constitutions be a poor representation of a country

A
  1. constitution cannot spell out all laws

2. some countries dont follow their constitution

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9
Q

types of government (not systems, types)

A

authoritarian, democratic

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10
Q

authoritarian aka

A

totalitarian

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11
Q

difference betwee authoritarian and democratic governments?

A

authoritarian controls all aslpects of social and economic life, few freedoms, censored media, opression and threats to maintain order, democratic governments gain power using trust and support of the people

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12
Q

authoritarian governments can be further divided into

A

oligarchies and dictatorships

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13
Q

monarchies

A

another type of government that isn’t necessarily authoritarian but when it is it is called autocracy. in most cases monarchs are limited by law

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14
Q

democracies can either be

A

representative or direct representative is where representatives are elected to make laws and conduct government, in a representative democracy without a monarch it becomes a republic

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15
Q

Democracy is not possible without

A

civil society- associations and civic groups like nra and humane societywhich allows citizens to make their views known,,

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16
Q

principles of democracy

A

citizen participation like voting and debating
regular free and fair elections usually held every few yearsand chosen freely, fairly, equally without intimidation
accepting the results-accepting losses
rule of law- no one is above the law
majority rule w/minority rights- majority get what they want but minority can band together and speak out
accountability- leaders responsible for actions and must do it for the best interest of the people
transparency- people know all that is going on
limited government and bill of rights
control of abuse of power- limited power+checks and balances
economic freedom
equality
basic individual/human rights
independent judiciary- fair and impartial judiciary
competing political parties

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17
Q

why is citizen participation important

A

equal representation, equality+stronger democracy

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18
Q

why is us a republic and a democracy

A

representative but no monarch

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19
Q

how is a federal system different from unitary or confederate

A

balances power

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20
Q

how is constitutional government different from onewithout constitution

A

limits on power

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21
Q

basic factors of every economy

A

producers, distributors, consumers, laborers, resources, capital (money/resources necessary to purchase/invest in production), entrepreneuers

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22
Q

what 3 questions shoulf all economic systems answer

A
  1. what and how much should be produced
  2. how should goods/services be produced?
  3. Who gets these services and goods?
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23
Q

What are 2 different ways economic systems are classified

A

how they work vs political beliefs

24
Q

What would someone who describes economies on how they work use?

A

command (communism), traditional (trade), market

25
Q

Political beliefs

A

capitalism, socialism, communism

26
Q

Political beliefs

A

capitalism- private ownership, little to no government interference, assumes people know whats best for themselves, free enterprise/free market economy socialism where government plays significant but not complete role in economy, communism- everything owned by state, all major economic decisions directed by the central government

27
Q

5 characteristics of pure capitalism

A

private ownership and control of property/resources, free enterprise, competition, freedom of choice, possibility of profits

28
Q

mixed economies

A

combine elements of socialism and communism

29
Q

how is us mixed

A

government is #1 consumer of goods, regulation of heakth (FDA), programs for basic economic security after great depression

30
Q

democratic socialist

A

wants government involvement in distribution of wealth

31
Q

how does a command economy work

A

government controls means of production

32
Q

features of a purely communist society

A

state owns land, natural resoirces, industry, property. Control of mass communication (like internet or media).

33
Q

goals of socialism

A

equal distribution of wealth

34
Q

what events, documents and philosphers influenced ideas about government

A

bible, magna carta, english bill of rights, revolutionary war, british tyranny, Locke, Rosseau, Montesquieu

35
Q

Rousseau

A

wrote that property rights and other basic rights came from people living together as a community and working cooperatively

36
Q

what is the process for adding an amendment

A

origniation- 2/3 vote of both houses or 2/3 vote of 50 states, proposal, ratification stage- 3/4 state legislatures or 3/4 conventions, ratification

37
Q

which process for amending was only used once? which one was never used?

A

state conventions, state legislatures

38
Q

what rights are guaranteed by bill of rights

A
  1. Freedom of religion, speech, and press
  2. the right to bear arms
  3. no person is required to house soldiers
  4. protection of unreasonable searches and seizurses, where warrants cant be given without probable cause,
  5. Persons should not be forced to testify against themselvrd, they cannot be tried for a crime unless there is good reason, an innocent person cannot be tried againm no one can be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law
  6. right to a speedy trial by impartial jury
  7. right to a jury trial for property over $20
  8. no excessive bail, fine, or punishment
  9. all other rights not spelled out by cinstitution belong to the people
  10. powers not given to federal government are reatained by the people
39
Q

how have amendments changed the constitution?

A

structutal changes to governments and powers of branches, extensions of government power, extension of individual rights

40
Q

which amendments extended individual rights

A

13,14,15,19,23,24,26

41
Q

how has our understanding of the constitution changed over time

A

ou own interpretation applied to present day scenarios, and it depends on the eople too

42
Q

what is probable cause?

A

reasonable grounds/justifiable reasons

43
Q

Capitalism assumes that

A

Best way to serve society is to let people buy sell , produce goods as they wish

44
Q

Goal of capitalism

A

Create a free market with no limit on economic choices

45
Q

number of amendments instructural change

A

11- a state cannot be sued by citizens of another state or nation, 12- separate ballots in voting, 17- people select senators directly, 20- new dates for inauguration, 22- only 2 terms, 25- process for vice president to take over, 27- congressional pay raise

46
Q

extensions of government power

A

18- no alcohol, 21- repeals 18th

47
Q

extensions of individual rights

A

13,14,15- have to do with slavery and equality, 19- women can vote, 23- dc citizens can vote, 24- no poll taxes, 26- lowered voting ages.

48
Q

in which economic system does government exert most control

A

communism

49
Q

5 characteristics of pure capitalism

A

private ownership, free enterprise, competition, freedom of choice, possibility of profits

50
Q

do you think socialists believe in laissez faire

A

no because laissez faire doesn’t support aocialist ideas of equally divided economy

51
Q

how does a command economy work

A

decisions made at upper levels then handed down

52
Q

what is a mixed economy

A

combine capitalism and socialism, private enterprise is regulated

53
Q

how did english bill of rights affect monarch and parliament relationship

A

parliament was recognized as supreme

54
Q

Rousseau

A

believed that property+other rights came from community and cooperation which also created law and government

55
Q

Montesquieu

A

wrote about importance of separating powers

56
Q

how were democratic ideals adopted into governments

A

divided power

57
Q

colonial charters

A

a written instrument granting rights or privileges

government ib (1 decks)

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