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Government Under Lenin Flashcards

1
Q

what did Lenin want to skip from and too

A

he wanted to skip capitalism and go from feudalism to socialism then to communism

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2
Q

what did he hope revolutions would do?

A

spark copycat revolutions throughout other countries.

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3
Q

whose idea did he build on?

A

Karl Marx’s idea.

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4
Q

what did he use the Bolshevik (Vangaurds) party to do?

A

he used them to force through a revolution

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5
Q

What happened during the February 1917 revolution?

A

Overthew the Tsars (Lenin was in switzerland during this)

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6
Q

Why did the February 1917 revolution happen?

A

women were protesting over the shortages of food and innaqualites over people and other people decided to join in forcing the abdication of the Tsars replacing them with a provisonal government,

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7
Q

when was the October revolution and what did it do?

A

1917 and it allowed the Bolsheviks to seize power and take over

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8
Q

What did the Bolsheviks promise they would bring?

A

peace ,bread and land
along with socialism and communism

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9
Q

What was created in 1923, 30th December?

A

Soviet Union

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10
Q

what % of people were peasants in society?

A

80%

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11
Q

what were the pro’s of the dictatorship of the proletariat?

A

follows Marxism
Bourgeoisie don’t have control over workers
they use violence if necessary

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12
Q

What were the con’s of the Dictatorship proletariat?

A

not enough proletariat
violence being used
can cause civil war
peasantry out number proletariat
they exploit and are vague

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13
Q

what were the congress of soviets?

A

They are workers council who make decisions. they are all choosen and voted in like democracy and met twice a year

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14
Q

What were the congress of soviet pro’s?

A

has more structure then the dictatorship of proletariat

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15
Q

What were the congress of soviet con’s?

A

some arears wont have many workers or there not as representative
it is more democratic then socialist.

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16
Q

Who were the Sovnarkom?

A

a group of 13 people who are long term supporters of Lenin. (council of people’s commisars) they are essentially Russia’s leading cabinet ministries. They could debate until the vote had hapened but after that there was no decent.

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17
Q

what seeds were being sown due to Sovnarkom?

A

one party state

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18
Q

What were the pro’s of the sovnarkom?

A

all support Lenin
Make quick decisions
Long-term Lenin supporters

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19
Q

What were the con’s of sovnarkom?

A

can make bad decisions
only 13 people running the country with Lenin- not very stable.
no boly to hold accountable

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20
Q

who were the constituent assembly?

A

different reprsntives from differnt partys

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21
Q

What were the constituent assembly pro’s?

A

very democratic
represents wide range of people
buys Lenin time

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22
Q

What were the constituent assembly con’s?

A

they are democratic, Lenin isn’t invested in democracy.
hard to make descions
each election should be different

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23
Q

who were the cheka?

A

Lenin’s secret police
Founded in December 1917

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24
Q

what were the pros of the cheka?

A

defended revolution
under Lenin’s control
powerful, brutal
eliminated opposition

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25
what were the con's of the cheka?
created threat, terror and kill and arrested people making the Bolsheviks look weak not very ideological
26
What is the Decree on Land and when was it?
October 1917 takes land of aristocracy and church and gives it to peasants ## Footnote After seizing power Lenin was confronted with a series of day to day challenges and dilema's however he used his early flow of good will/ Hesitancy among his oponents to pass a series of decree's.
27
why did Lenin enact decree on land?
To gain peasants support ## Footnote After seizing power Lenin was confronted with a series of day to day challenges and dilema's however he used his early flow of good will/ Hesitancy among his oponents to pass a series of decree's.
28
What is the decree on peace?
October 1917 decree to end ww1 as soon as possible ## Footnote After seizing power Lenin was confronted with a series of day to day challenges and dilema's however he used his early flow of good will/ Hesitancy among his oponents to pass a series of decree's.
29
What is the decree on workers?
November 1917- Gave better pay/ working conditions/ shortens working hours to 8. ## Footnote After seizing power Lenin was confronted with a series of day to day challenges and dilema's however he used his early flow of good will/ Hesitancy among his oponents to pass a series of decree's.
30
What is the decree on workers control?
Novermber 1917-Gave workers control of where they worked in factories. ## Footnote After seizing power Lenin was confronted with a series of day to day challenges and dilema's however he used his early flow of good will/ Hesitancy among his oponents to pass a series of decree's.
31
When did Lenin seize power?
October 1917 (second all russian congress of soviets)
32
Was everyone in the congress Bolshevik and what did they do in protest?
no not all some were Menshiviks and SR'S and they walked out in protest
33
key question: How would Lenin reconcile his claim of power to the soviets with the reality that not all soviets were Bolshevik?
SR'S and Menshiviks gave the Bolsheviks an advantage but also indicated that the seize of power would not go uncontested even on the left.
34
What was Trotsky in charge of?
Foregin affairs
35
During Lenin's time in power what was Stalin in charge of orriginally?
Nationalitises
36
What was the Treaty of Brestlivitok and what did it do?
March 1917- treaty of Germany to end the war but it took land of the Russians giving fuel to the opposistion. It was very unpopular with the Russians.
37
How much of Russia's railways and undustry given away under Brest livtosk?
50% of Russian industrys 23% of Railways
38
what intesnsified during the summer of 1918 making the Cheka and Red Army more important?
civil war
39
How long was the civil war?
1918-1921
40
What were the Red's and who were they fighting against?
Bolsheviks fighting the white's (Royal instutionalists)
41
what did Nikoli Bukharin say in 1918
Formal democracy to be abandoned
42
Key question: Can Lenin have done anything to avoid civil war and did he welcome a civil war?
Royalists and Bourseiosie on the right and SR'S and Menshiviks on the left were unlikely to permit a bolshivik dictatorship unnaposed
43
When the Bolsheviks lost the November 1917 election to the consituent assemby what percentage of votes did they get?
sr- 50% bolsheviks-23%
44
When did Lenin close the constituent assembly?
Jan 1918
45
what did Lenin regard elections as and why?
an irrevelance because it did not fit with his Marxist ideology and his belief for a tight revolutionary party (Vangaurds). he also lost the other april to may 1918 elections.
46
Who were the Red Army leader during 1918-1921?
Trotsky
47
Who were the enemies of the reds during the Russian civil war?
The SR’s were enemies (the whites/left/all), the whites,the green(peasants), left wing groups / aristocrats/ foreign groups (e.g Britain) other representatives who wanted to be independent (Ukraine)
48
How many people were in the Red Army at its peak?
5 million
49
Why did the Red’s win the civil war?
The Cheka used terror They held the most tightly populated arrears
50
What did the war make the government look like?
Harsh and extremely violent
51
How many people were killed during the red terror?
200,000 people
52
How many assassination attempts were attempted on Lenin?
-2 -one on the 14th Jan 1918 and another August 1918 putting Lenin in hospital however he did recover. - they believed he was a revolution traitor.
53
What was created as a result of the 1917-1921 civil war?
Soviet Union
54
Name two negative outcomes of civil war:
Revolution did not spread and violence intensified
55
Who were the politburo?
The civil war government: main executives of the communist party from 1919
56
What did the politburo do?
Implement policy. Lenin ruled through them and the soviets via Sovnarkom but the relationship and importance between both were poorly defined. During the civil war the politburo gained more power
57
How many politburo members also sat on Sovnarkom?
5-7 (including Stalin and Trosky)
58
By 1920 what did the Sovnarkom simply do?
Approve politburo desicions
59
by the 1920s Russia was now a
Party state not a soviet(government) state
60
Who were the Nomenklatura?
Civil war government: (party apperatchicks) worked outside and apart from local soviets(Lenin lost trust in the soviets during the civil war because not all were Bolshevik. They had jobs in the bureaucracy.
61
What did party membership for Nomenklatura do during civil war?
Grew greatly
62
What were the Nomenklatura arguably now?
A new politically elite: a caste
63
Why was the idea of soviet power being diminished? (By the 1920s)
Civil war required quick thinking / sections and implementation by those Lenin could trust
64
By the end of 1919 was the red army successful?
They were holding Russia together
65
66
67
Who were Cheka led by?
Dhzerinsky
68
What was war communism 1918-1921
Enforce worker discipline Seize grain Censorship Terror and running economy Removes all workers decrees
69
What were grain requisitions and why were they used during civil war?
How the government survives civil war. Priorities winning over peoples healthcare and consumer goods. No more workers rights and control.

History (Russia) (2 decks)

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