Government policy towards NA Flashcards
1
Q
What did the Homestead act do
A
- 1862
- granted 160 acres of land to settlers who farmed it for 5 years
2
Q
how did the homestead act impact natives
A
- increased conflicts with settlers
- furthered westward expansion
- displacement of tribes from ancestral land
3
Q
What did the Indian Appropriations act do?
A
- 1871
- ended treaty-making with NA
- placed them under full US gov control
4
Q
how did the Indian Appropriations act impact NA
A
- lost their recognition as sovereign nations
- increased forced relocation onto reservations
- gave US gov full power over Native policies
5
Q
What did the Dawes act do?
A
- 1887
- broke up reservations into individual land allotments for NA families
- Any remaining land was sold to white settlers
6
Q
How did it impact NA
A
- 90 million acres of NA land was lost
- many NA did not understand private land ownership and were forced to sell lands, leading to poverty
7
Q
What was the Indian Reorganisation act?
A
- 1934
- Ended the Dawes act, restoring some land to tribes, and allowed tribes self-governance
8
Q
How did the Indian Reorganisation act impact NA?
A
- improved political rights for tribes
- 4.4. million acres of land were returned to tribes
- some tribes rejected it, fearing it would bring more government interference
9
Q
What was the Termination policy?
A
- 1953
- ended federal recognition of tribes
- cutting of government support
- attempted to assimilate NA into US society
10
Q
What did the Indian self-Determination Act do?
A
- 1975
- allowed tribes to take control of their education, healthcare and social services
- funded by the federal government
10
Q
What was the impact of the Termination policy?
A
- 109 tribes lost their status
- thousands of NA became homeless as land was seized by businesses
- by 1960, 25% of NA lived in urban poverty, facing discrimination and unemployment
11
Q
What was the impact of the Indian self-determination act?
A
- strengthen tribal sovereignty
- led to Native-run businesses and schools
- increased economic conditions in many reservations
