government institutions: federal bureaucracy Flashcards
(22 cards)
bureaucracy
• jobs that take place under the presidents cabinet that are not for the government like C.I.A.
patronage
• the power to control appointments to office or the right to privileges.
Pendleton Civil Service Act
• created a system of hiring federal employees based on merit rather than patronage . • stated that federal employees could not be required to contribute to campaign funds nor be fired for political reasons
civil service
• a system that hires and promotes based on the merit principle in order to create a nonpartisan government.
merit principle
the idea that hiring should be based on entrance exams and promotion ratings to produce administration by people with talent and skill.
Hatch Act
a federal law -prohibiting government employees from active participation in partisan politics- while on duty for employees in sensitive positions at any time .
Office of Personnel Management
• in charge of hiring most agencies of the federal government.
GS ( General Schedule) rating
• a schedule for federal employees, ranging from GS 1 to GS 18, by which salaries can be keyed to rating and experience.
Senior Executive Service
an elite cadre of about 9,000 federal government managers at the top of the civil service system
independent regulatory commission
• responsible for making and enforcing rules to protect the public interest in some sector of the economy and got hiding disputes over these rules
government corruption
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independent executive agency
independent executive agency • government agencies that are not accounted for by cabinet departments, independent regulatory commissions, and government corporations. • administrations appointed by the president and serve at the presidents pleasure • for example : NASA
policy implementation
• the stage of policy making between the establishment of a policy and the consequences of the policy for the people affected • implementation involved translating the goals and objectives of a policy into an operating, ongoing program
standard operating procedures
• procedures for everyday decision making that enable bureaucrats to bring efficiency and uniformity to the running of complex organizations • uniformity promotes fairness and makes personnel interchangeable
administrative discretion
• the authority of administrative actors to select among various responses to a given problem. • discretion is greatest when routines, or standard operating procedures, do not fit a case.
street-level bureaucrats
• made by Michael Lipsky • refers to those bureaucrats who are in constant contact with the public and have considerable administrative discretion.
regulation
• the use of governmental authority to control or change some practice in the private sector
deregulation
• the lifting of government restrictions on business, industry, and professional activities.
command-and-control policy
• the typical system of regulation whereby government tells business how to reach certain goals, checks that these commands are followed, and punishes offenders
incentive system
• an alternative to command-and-control, which market like strategies such as rewards used to manage public policy
executive orders
• regulations originating with the executive branch. • executive orders are one method presidents can use to control the bureaucracy
iron triangles
• also known as sub-governments, a mutually dependent, mutually advantageous relationship between bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees. • iron triangles dominate some areas of domestic policymaking
