government institutions: federal bureaucracy

Question 1

bureaucracy

Answer 1

• jobs that take place under the presidents cabinet that are not for the government like C.I.A.

Question 2

patronage

Answer 2

• the power to control appointments to office or the right to privileges.

Question 3

Pendleton Civil Service Act

Answer 3

• created a system of hiring federal employees based on merit rather than patronage . • stated that federal employees could not be required to contribute to campaign funds nor be fired for political reasons

Question 4

civil service

Answer 4

• a system that hires and promotes based on the merit principle in order to create a nonpartisan government.

Question 5

merit principle

Answer 5

the idea that hiring should be based on entrance exams and promotion ratings to produce administration by people with talent and skill.

Question 6

Hatch Act

Answer 6

a federal law -prohibiting government employees from active participation in partisan politics- while on duty for employees in sensitive positions at any time .

Question 7

Office of Personnel Management

Answer 7

• in charge of hiring most agencies of the federal government.

Question 8

GS ( General Schedule) rating

Answer 8

• a schedule for federal employees, ranging from GS 1 to GS 18, by which salaries can be keyed to rating and experience.

Question 9

Senior Executive Service

Answer 9

an elite cadre of about 9,000 federal government managers at the top of the civil service system

Question 10

independent regulatory commission

Answer 10

• responsible for making and enforcing rules to protect the public interest in some sector of the economy and got hiding disputes over these rules

Question 11

government corruption

Answer 11

…

Question 12

independent executive agency

Answer 12

independent executive agency • government agencies that are not accounted for by cabinet departments, independent regulatory commissions, and government corporations. • administrations appointed by the president and serve at the presidents pleasure • for example : NASA

Question 13

policy implementation

Answer 13

• the stage of policy making between the establishment of a policy and the consequences of the policy for the people affected • implementation involved translating the goals and objectives of a policy into an operating, ongoing program

Question 14

standard operating procedures

Answer 14

• procedures for everyday decision making that enable bureaucrats to bring efficiency and uniformity to the running of complex organizations • uniformity promotes fairness and makes personnel interchangeable

Question 15

administrative discretion

Answer 15

• the authority of administrative actors to select among various responses to a given problem. • discretion is greatest when routines, or standard operating procedures, do not fit a case.

Question 16

street-level bureaucrats

Answer 16

• made by Michael Lipsky • refers to those bureaucrats who are in constant contact with the public and have considerable administrative discretion.

Question 17

regulation

Answer 17

• the use of governmental authority to control or change some practice in the private sector

Question 18

deregulation

Answer 18

• the lifting of government restrictions on business, industry, and professional activities.

Question 19

command-and-control policy

Answer 19

• the typical system of regulation whereby government tells business how to reach certain goals, checks that these commands are followed, and punishes offenders

Question 20

incentive system

Answer 20

• an alternative to command-and-control, which market like strategies such as rewards used to manage public policy

Question 21

executive orders

Answer 21

• regulations originating with the executive branch. • executive orders are one method presidents can use to control the bureaucracy

Question 22

iron triangles

Answer 22

• also known as sub-governments, a mutually dependent, mutually advantageous relationship between bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees. • iron triangles dominate some areas of domestic policymaking