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History A level > Government > Flashcards

Government Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the guard chamber for?

A

to guard access to the royal quarters

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2
Q

What were the chambers?

A

Public dining and audiences - Overseen by Lord Chamberlain

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3
Q

What were the privy chambers?

A

The King’s private chambers

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4
Q

What was the function of the Court?

A

to entertain the king, offering whatever company he wished

a good advertisement for him, esp infront of foreign guests

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5
Q

What was the purpose of the council?

A

to advise the king on matters of state - to administer law and order and to act as a court and make legal judgements

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6
Q

How many councillors did Henry have ? What did they consist of ?

A

240
Clerics eg Morton and Fox
Nobles
‘New men’ (gentry and professionals eg Bray and Dudley)

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7
Q

What was the Council Learned?

A

Henry’s most infamous committee

A small group of professionals who set up harsh enforcements of penalties eg bonds and recognisances

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8
Q

Quote about the Council learned

A

‘The most important of all Henry’s institutions of government involved in the maintenance of law and
order’

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9
Q

Name 3 ways in which Henry was secure on his throne by 1487 (2yrs into his reign)

A

He had support of the Church (supported wedding and coronation)
He successfully put down 2 uprisings
He had support from parliament (answered his summons and agreed to the Act of Resumption and his attainders)

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10
Q

Name 2 examples of Henry being lenient with his punishment of rebels.

A

Pardoned Lambert Simnel (1487) and Thomas Stafford (1486- remained loyal)
Very few executions (only Humphrey Stafford in 1486)

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11
Q

Name 3 ways in which Henry was not secure on his throne by 1487

A

Claim to throne is not strong - seen as a usurper
Foreign aid available to rebels from Margaret of Burgundy + Ireland supported Warbeck
2 uprisings and pretender (Simnel) and more to come (Warbeck)

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12
Q

Name 5 reasons henry summoned parliament during his reign

A

1485- Confirm kingship
1489- to fund royal army for expedition against France
1495- manage threat from Perkin Warbeck
1497- To fund possible war against Scotland
1504- to raise 2 feudal levies - marriage of Princess Margaret and knighthood of Prince Arthur (1488!!)

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13
Q

How did the fact that Henry was in exile since 1471 affect his relationship with the nobility?

A

Language barrier

Doesnt know who is trustworthy - some of them deserted Richard III

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14
Q

How does the fact that Henry was unmarried and childless affect his relationship with the nobility?

A

Nobles are closest to him- his only form of trust

Childless- makes him vulnerable as a king

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15
Q

What evidence do we have that Henry was less trusting of the nobility ?

A

He appointed less than the last king eg
1487= 57 Nobles
1509= 43

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16
Q

Name 3 Carrots

A

Patronage
Order of the garter
King’s Council
Great Council

17
Q

Name 3 Sticks

A

Acts of Attainder
Bonds and recognisances
Feudal dues
Crown lands

18
Q

What was patronage ?

A

Henry used it to reward good and loyal service

Used as a form of meritocracy

19
Q

Name 3 examples of patronage

A

John de Vere - Earl of oxford, gets land in East Anglia
Jasper Tudor- Promote him to Duke of Bedford and regained lands in wales
Thomas Lord Stanley- given control of Lancashire and Chesire

20
Q

What was the order of the Garter ?

A

An ancient honour (no cost to Henry)

21
Q

2 examples of Order of the Garter

A

Awarded it to 37 followers
William Stanley
Rysap Thomas (Loyal in wales)

22
Q

Name a quote by SB Chrimes about the order of the garter

A

‘Ultimate mark of honour favoured by Henry VII’

23
Q

How was the Kings Council a carrot?

A

Membership was a sign of Henry’s favour

24
Q

Name 3 members of the Kings concil

A

Chancellor John Morton (long service)
Treasurers- Lord Dinham and Earl of Surrey
Keeper of the privy seal- Richard Fox

25
Q

what was the Great Council? How was it used as a carrot?

A

Emergency parliament called by the king involving the meeting of nobles.
By involving the nobles in tough decision making they couldn’t criticise the kings policies.

26
Q

Name 3 times the Great Council was called

A

1485- announcing Henry’s marriage
1487- response to Simnel
1496- grant loan of £120,000 for war in France

27
Q

What were Acts of attainder?

A

Acts that lead to a family losing the right to posses its land.
Attainders were reversible and could be used by Henry as ‘a sanction for good behaviour’ (J.R. Lander)

28
Q

Who called the Attainders a ‘cat-and-mouse policy’?

A

CS Davies

29
Q

Who is a classic example of the Acts of Attainder?

A

Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey (fought for Richard III at Bosworth) was imprioned and attained before taking an oath of allegiance. He was given back his land after Putting down second rising in Yorkshire (Ackworth)

30
Q

In what way was Henry more harsh with his attainders ?

A

Harsh terms were imposed eg payment of reversal of lands was common
Thomas Tyrell had to pay £1.738 for the reversal of his and his fathers attainders

31
Q

Evidence that Henry’s policy increased in sverity as his reign progressed

A 
1497-1500 = 0 
1504-09 = 51
32
Q

What were Bonds and recognisances?

A

Bonds were written agreements in which people promised to pay money if they failed to carry out the promise.

33
Q

Examples of Bonds and recognisnaces ?

A

Thomas Grey, Marquis of Dorset was never trusted by Henry (apparent support of Richard III)
In 1492 he was to transfer all land to trustees, give a recognisance of £1,000 and find others willing to give £10,000 on his behalf.
1499 Dorset proved loyalty in Cornish rebellion and agreements were cancelled.

34
Q

What did JR Lander call bonds and recogs ?

A

‘a terrifying system of suspended penalties’

35
Q

Name 3 ways Henry re-established his rights (Feudal dues)

A

Wardship- taking land off minors
Marriage- profit from arranged marriages of heirs and heiresses
Relief- Kings receives money as land is inherited

36
Q

How can Henry’s increased control with feudal dues be seen?

A

Increase in proceeds from Wardship and marriage (from £350 in 1487 to £6,000 in 1507)

History A level (4 decks)

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